Kirchoff's first law
This law is also known as junction rule of current principal. It is said to it the algebraic addition of current meeting at a point is zero i.e. Σi=0.
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In a circuit, at any junction the sum of the currents entering the junction must equal the sum of the currents leaving the junction.i1+i3= i2+i4
This principal is simply a function of "conservation of charge".
Kirchoff's second law: This law is also known as loop rule or voltage law (KVL) and according to it "the algebraic sum of the changes in potential in complete traversal of a mesh is zero", i.eΣv=0..
(i) This law shows "conservation of energy".
(ii) If there n nodes in a circuit, the number of independent equations in accordance with loop rule will be (n -1).
Sign convention for the application of Kirchoff's law: For the application of Kirchoff's laws following sign convention are to be considered
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(i) The modification in potential in traversing a resistance in the direction of current is -iR while in the opposite direction +iR
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(ii) The modification in potential in traversing an emf source from negative to positive terminal is +E while in the opposite direction -E irrespective of the direction of current in the circuit.
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(iii) The modification in potential in traversing a capacitor from the negative terminal to the positive terminal is +q/c while in opposite direction -q/c .
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(iv) The modification in voltage in traversing an inductor in the direction of current is -Ldi/dt while in opposite direction it is +Ldi/dt .
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