Fourth Generation Languages:
The need to improve productivity has led to the development of advanced computer languages. Fourth-generation languages (4GLs) are often called non-procedural languages as they do not require the programmer to specify procedures in detail, as required in a third-generation language. Non-procedural languages are application specific languages and have commands that are more akin to English.
4GLs may be used to execute a series of commands entered by the programmer, such as sort records, summarize them on a field, and print a report. The 4GLs are considered to be closer to human languages compared to the other high-level programming languages. Most of these languages are used for accessing databases.
FOCUS and NATURAL are two popular fourth-generation languages that have the capability to create and manipulate databases. FOCUS, invented in 1975, by Information Builders Inc., is available on a variety of systems ranging from PCs to mainframes. NATURAL is built around a proprietary database management system called ADABAS. Programming languages that are said to be 4GLs include report generators which are languages used for printing the database reports, and query languages which are languages used for getting information from the databases.
4GLs have their drawbacks too. Some firms have found that these languages are less efficient than procedural languages and that they cannot be used in a heavy transaction processing environment.
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