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Definition: A capacitor is a device that stores electric power. It is also called condenser.
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A capacitor is a pair of two conductors of any size and shape, which are close to each other and have equal and opposite charge.
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Symbol: The sign of capacitor are given below :-
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variable capacitor
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Capacitance
Definition: The capacitance of a capacitor is defined as the magnitude of the charge Q on the positive plate divided by the magnitude of the potential difference V between the rods C=Q/V,
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A capacitor get's charged when a battery is connected across the plates. The plate attached to the positive terminal of the battery get's positively charged and the one joined to the negative terminal get's negatively charged. Once capacitor get's fully charged, flow of charge carriers stops in the circuit and in this condition potential difference across the plates of capacitor is same as the potential difference across the terminals of battery (say V).
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Charge on Capacitor
Net charge on a capacitor is always zero, but when we speak of the charge Q on a capacitor, we are giving to the value of the charge on each plate. Charge distribution in making of parallel plate capacitor can easily be understood by reading carefully the following sequence of figures:
When a capacitor is charged by a voltage source (say battery) it stores the electric energy. If C = Capacitance of capacitor; Q = Charge on capacitor and V = Potential difference across capacitor then energy stored in capacitor E = 1/2CV2 = 1/2QV = Q2/2C
Note: In charging capacitor by battery half the energy supplied is stored in the capacitor and remaining half energy (1/2 QV) is lost in the form of heat.
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