Biodegradable polymers
These are the polymers which are degraded by micro-organisms within a suitable period so that biodegradable polymers and their degraded products do not cause any serious affects on the environment.
In biological systems, biopolymers degrade mainly by enzymatic hydrolysis and to some extent by oxidation. Therefore, in show of the disposal causes of polymer waste and for developing polymers for other safe uses in human systems, tried have been build to develop biodegradable synthetic polymers. These synthetic polymers commonly have functional groups which are normally present in biopolymers and lipids.
Among these aliphatic polyesters is one important class of biodegradable polymers which are commercially potential biomaterials. The general examples of biodegradable polymers are polyhydroxy butyrate (PHB), polyhydroxy butyrate -co-β-hydroxy valerate (PHBV), polyglycolic acid (PGA), polylactic acid (PLA), poly (Ε-caprolactone) (PCL), etc.
Uses : Biodegradable polymers are used mainly for medical goods such as surgical tissue, sutures in growth materials or for controlled drug free instruments, plasma substitutes etc. The decomposition reactions usually involve hydrolysis (either enzymatically induced or by non-enzymatic mechanisms) to non-toxic small molecules which can be metabolized by or excreted from the object. These are also searches use in agriculture materials (such as layers, seed coatings), personal hygiene products, fast food wrappers etc.
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