Banking of Curves, Newton’s laws of motion Assignment Help

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The large amount of friction between the tyres and the road would affect the tyres. To minimize the wearing out of tyres the road bend is banked, i.e. the outer part of the road is raised a little so that the road slopes towards the center of the curved track. Take as a car of mass m is moving around a banked track in a circular path of radius R as shown in Fig. Let N1 and N2 be the reaction at each tyre due to the road. Then the total reaction is N = N1 + N2 acting in the middle of the car. If θ  is the angle of the banking, the vertical component N cosθ  supports the weight mg of the car while the horizontal component N sinθ  provides the necessary centripetal force.

1182_banking of curves.png

Thus,                 1917_banking of curves1.png             and       921_banking of curves2.png

Also                       F = μN

Where F is the force of friction action acting radically inwards on the car. These equations provide

                                511_banking of curves13.png         and       454_banking of curves4.png

The first equation calculate the proper banking angle for given v, R and μ, and the second equation the maximum speed at which the car can successfully negotiate the curve for given R, μ and θ.

For given θ and R, there is an optimum (best) speed for negotiating a banked curve at which there will be the least tear and wear, i.e. when friction is not needed at all ( μ= 0). If μ= 0, this speed is  = (Rg tanθ )1/2

The car will not skid if the angle of banking of the track satisfies the equation,  250_banking of curves5.png

A Cyclist Negotiating a Curved Level Surface

While negotiating a curved level surface, a cyclist has to lean inwards which give the necessary centripetal force which prevents him from falling down. Diagram shows a cyclist leaning at an angle θ with the vertical. N is the normal reaction which is shown by

                                                N = mg

1671_banking of curves6.png

Where m is the mass of the cyclist plus the bicycle. The tension of friction between the road and the tiers is ,                         F = μN = mg

The cyclist will skid if the centripetal force mV2/R exceeds the frictional tension F, i.e. if

501_banking of curves7.png

Where R is the radius of the curved surface. Thus skidding occurs if

1114_banking of curves8.png

 

 

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