Azeotropic mixture
The Azeotropes are defined as the mixtures of liquids which boil at the constant temperature like a pure liquid and have same composition of the components in liquid as well as in vapour phase. The Azeotropes are also known as constant boiling mixtures because whole of the azeotropes changes into the vapour state at constant temperature and their components cannot be separated by the process of fractional distillation. The Azeotropes are of the two types as described below,
(1) Minimum boiling azeotrope : For solutions with the positive deviation there is an intermediate composition for which vapour pressure of the solution is maximum and therefore, boiling point is minimum. At this composition the solution distills at the constant temperature without change in its composition. This type of solutions is known as minimum boiling azeotrope. For instance
(2) Maximum boiling azeotrope : The solutions with negative deviations there is an intermediate composition for which the vapour pressure of the solution is minimum and thus, boiling point is maximum. At this composition the solution distill's at constant temperature without any change in the composition. This type of solutions is known as maximum boiling azeotrope.
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