Abnormal molecular masses
The Molecular masses can be calculated by measuring any of the colligative properties. The relation among the colligative properties and molecular mass of the solute is based on following assumptions.
(1) The solution is made dilute, so that the Raoult's law is obeyed.
(2) The solute neither undergoes the dissociation nor association in solution.
In case of the solutions where above assumptions are not valid we find discrepencies between the observed and calculated values of colligative properties. These anomalies are primarily because of
(i) The association of the solute molecules.
(ii) The dissociation of the solute molecules.
(i) The Association of solute molecules : Certain solutes in the solution are found to associate with each other. This eventually leads to the decrease in the number of molecular particles in solutions. Therefore, it results in a decrease in the values of the colligative properties.
Colligative property
Thus, higher values are obtained for molecular masses than normal values for the unassociated molecules.
(ii) Dissociation of solute molecules: A number of the electrolytes dissociate in the solution to give two or more particles (ions). Thus, the number of solute particles, in the solutions of such substances, is more than expected value. In accordance, such solutions exhibit higher values of the colligative properties. Since the colligative properties are inversely proportional to the molecular masses, so, molecular masses of such type of substances as calculated from colligative properties will be less than their normal values.
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