Summary

Strength and rigidity are the significant parameters while designing the shank of the cutting tool. Forces and power consumption reduce with increase in positive back rake angle. A positive back rake angle is responsible to move the chip away from the machined workpiece surface. The tool material must have thermal conductivity, high wear resistance, hardness, hot hardness, toughness, and low coefficient of thermal expansion. Cutting force, feed force and shear force acts on the workpiece and cutting force is the largest of these three forces. Dynamometers are utilized for measuring tool forces with great accuracy.