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A: They present a degree of freedom in the interface design options.
Member functions & friend functions are equally privileged (100% vested). The major difference is that a friend function is called such as f(x), whereas a member function is called like x.f(). Therefore the ability to select between member functions (x.f()) and friend functions (f(x)) let a designer to choose the syntax that is deemed most readable, which lowers maintenance costs.
The major disadvantage of friend functions is that they need an extra line of code while you wished dynamic binding. In order to get the effect of a virtual friend, the friend function must call a hidden (usually protected) virtual member function. It is called the Virtual Friend Function Idiom. For instance:
class Base {
public:
friend void f(Base& b);
... protected:
virtual void do_f();
...
};
inline void f(Base& b)
{
b.do_f();
}
class Derived : public Base {
virtual void do_f(); // "Override" the behavior of f(Base& b)
void userCode(Base& b)
f(b);
In userCode(Base&) , the statement f(b) will invoke b.do_f(), that is virtual. It means that Derived::do_f() will get control actually if b is a object of class Derived. Note down that Derived overrides behavior of the protected virtual member function do_f(); this does not have its own variation of the friend function, f(Base&).
What if I wish a local to "die" before the close} of the scope wherein it was created? Can I call a destructor on a local if I want to?
Many modern cryptography algorithms require two numbers that are coprime, or sometimes referred to as relatively prime. Two numbers are coprime if their greatest common divisor is
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write a prgm to find minimum total number of shelves including the intial one required for loading process
c program for boardcolouring
Write a Program that illustrate union declaration? A C program encloses the following union declaration: union id { char color[12]; int size; } shirt, blouse; At this
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1. The main program must be in a file called A4.cpp 2. The data must be read in from a data file. The user must enter the filename. A sample data file will be provided on Mood
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Purpose For this assignment you will need to create either a function list or a record series for a CRCRS. Instructions Note: Complete only one of the two assignment op
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