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What is NULL? Give an example to described testing for NULL in SQL?
The NULL SQL keyword is used to represent either a missing value or a value which is not applicable in a relational table. Consider there is a relation:
Person(id, name, address, phone)Now to search ids and names of person who do not have a phone is: Select id, name from Person where phone is null
Explain how the object classes are mapped to tables. Each object class maps to one or more than one tables in the database. The objects in the class may be partitioned horizont
Describe integrity and security? a) Domain constraint b) Referential integrity A value that appears in one relation for a given set of attributes also appear fo
The JOIN operation is applied on two relations. When we want to choose related tuples from two given relation join is used. The join operation need that both the joined relations m
Explain Thomas' Write rule. Show how it is different from timestamp ordering protol Ans: In timestamp-based concurrency control the thomas Write rule is a rule. Given a Timest
Example: Consider the following relations: ROLLNO NAME ADDRESS COURSE_ID 100 Ka
Explain hash file organization? Hash functions a) The distribution is uniform Hash functions assign each bucket the similar number of search -key values from the set of a
Design an EER schema for the following application and translate the EER schema into relational schemas (and constraints). It is possible that some requirements cannot be captured
Rearrange Classes and Operations Sometimes, the similar operation is defined across different classes and can easily be inherited from a familiar ancestor, but more often oper
In tuple relational calculus P1 → P2 is equivalent to ? A In tuple relational calculus P1→ P2 is equivalent to ¬P1 V P2. (The logical implication expression A B, meaning
Define the Immediate Update The immediate update methods may apply changes to the database on disk before the transaction arrives a successful conclusion. Though, these change
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