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What is data independence?
Data Independence: Techniques which permit data to be changed without affecting the applications in which procedure it. There are two types of data independence. The first type is data independence for data that is accomplished in a database management system (DBMS). It permits the database to be structurally changed without affecting most existing programs. Programs access data in a DBMS through field and are concerned with just the data fields they use, not the format of the finished record. Therefore, when the record layout is updated (fields added, deleted or changed in size), the only programs which must be changed are those in which use those new fields.
In an E-R diagram how attributes are represented ? In an E-R diagram attributes are represented in a ellipse.
Define null values. In some cases a certain entity may not have an applicable value for an attribute or if we do not know the value of an attribute for a certain entity. In the
Primary Index In primary index, there is a one-to-one relationship among the entries in the index table and the records in the major table. Primary index can be of two types:
Describe integrity and security? a) Domain constraint b) Referential integrity A value that appears in one relation for a given set of attributes also appear fo
Consider the following relational scheme: R (a,b,c,d,e,f) and its corresponding set of FDs {d→ a, be → c, ac → e, b → f, f → d, a → c}. a. Is the following decomposition i) non
Should I select imaging software that allows changes? An imaging system should not give features to edit or alter images. Images generally are formed as safe and secure records
Discuss the methods for a hash file to expand and shrink dynamically. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each? The hashing methods that permit dyanamic file expansi
Lost Updates : Suppose the two transactions T3 and T4 run simultaneously and they happen to be interleaved in the following way (suppose the initial value of X as 10000):
what is un ordered and ordered file managment?
The State of Newyork certifies firefighters throughout state keep track all of them, as well as the state’s of fire departments. Each fire department has unique department number
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