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Using %TYPEThe %TYPE attribute gives the datatype of a variable or the database column. In the example below, the %TYPE gives the datatype of a variable:credit REAL(7,2);debit credit%TYPE;The Variables declared using %TYPE is treated such as those declared using a datatype specifier. For example, given the earlier declarations, the PL/SQL treats debit such as REAL (7, 2) variable. The later example shows that a %TYPE declaration can involve an initialization clause:balance NUMBER(7,2);minimum_balance balance%TYPE := 10.00;The %TYPE attribute is mainly useful when declaring a variable which refer to a database columns. You can reference a table & column, or you can reference an owner, column, table, and as inmy_dname scott.dept.dname%TYPE;Using the %TYPE to declare my_dname has two merits. Firstly, you do not require knowing the exact datatype of dname. Secondly, when the database definition of the dname changes, the datatype of my_dname change accordingly at the run time.
Processing Transactions This part describes how to do the transaction processing. You learn the fundamental techniques that safeguard the consistency of your database, involvin
Example of NOT EXISTS in SQL Example: Use of NOT EXISTS CREATE ASSERTION Must_be_enrolled_to_take_exam_alternative1 CHECK ( NOT EXISTS (SELECT StudentId, CourseId
At times, customers make mistakes in submitting their orders and call to cancel the order. Brewbean’s wants to create a trigger that automatically updates the stock level of all pr
Updating by replacement Syntax: UPDATE ENROLMENT SET Name = 'Ann' WHERE StudentId = SID ('S1'); Note the use of SET, as already noted in connection with direct a
THEO R Y OF PANSPERMIA - Arrhenius (1908) postulated the cosmic panspermia theory that claims that organisms existed throughout the universe, and their spores, etc., could
ROWID The ROWID returns the rowid (binary address) of a row in the database table. You can use the variables of the type UROWID to store rowids in a readable format. In the il
Calling Constructors: The Calls to a constructor are allowed wherever the function calls are allowed. Similarly to the functions, a constructor is called as a section of an ex
Definition of CROSS JOIN - SQL Let s = t1 CROSS JOIN t2, where t1 and t2 are table expressions optionally accompanied by range variables. Then: Note: Here T denotes Table
%ROWCOUNT When its cursor or cursor variable is opened, the %ROWCOUNT is zeroed. Before the first fetch, the %ROWCOUNT yields 0. Afterward, it yields the number of rows fetche
Using EXISTS The EXISTS(n) returns TRUE if the nth element in a collection exist. Or else, EXISTS(n) returns FALSE. Primarily, you use EXISTS with DELETE to maintain the spars
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