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Using %TYPEThe %TYPE attribute gives the datatype of a variable or the database column. In the example below, the %TYPE gives the datatype of a variable:credit REAL(7,2);debit credit%TYPE;The Variables declared using %TYPE is treated such as those declared using a datatype specifier. For example, given the earlier declarations, the PL/SQL treats debit such as REAL (7, 2) variable. The later example shows that a %TYPE declaration can involve an initialization clause:balance NUMBER(7,2);minimum_balance balance%TYPE := 10.00;The %TYPE attribute is mainly useful when declaring a variable which refer to a database columns. You can reference a table & column, or you can reference an owner, column, table, and as inmy_dname scott.dept.dname%TYPE;Using the %TYPE to declare my_dname has two merits. Firstly, you do not require knowing the exact datatype of dname. Secondly, when the database definition of the dname changes, the datatype of my_dname change accordingly at the run time.
COSMOZOI C THEORY - Richter (1865) proposed the cosmozoic theory that says that life came by spores (cosmozoa) or other particles from other planets on the earth.
Anatomy of a Command Figure, showing a simple SQL command, is almost identical to its counterpart in the theory book. The only difference arises from the fact that SQL uses a
%ISOPEN The %ISOPEN yields TRUE if its cursor or cursor variable is open; or else, the %ISOPEN yields FALSE. In the illustration, you use the %ISOPEN to select an action:
Biconditional - SQL The biconditional p ↔ q can be expressed in Tutorial D by p = q and the same is true of SQL. The question then arises as to whether, in SQL, p = q is equiv
Defining and Declaring Records To create records, you have to define a RECORD type, and then declare records of that type. You may also define RECORD types in the declarative
%TYPE: This attribute gives the datatype of a formerly declared collection, cursor variable, object, field, record, database column, or variable. Datatype: This is simply
Package Body: The package specification is implemented by the package body. That is, the package body has the definition of every cursor and the subprogram declared in the pac
Advantages of Subprograms The Subprograms give extensibility; that is, tailor the PL/SQL language to suit your requirements. For illustration, if you require a procedure which
Selecting Objects: Suppose that you have run the SQL*Plus script below that creates object type Person and object table persons, and that you have settled the table: CREATE
Using the BULK COLLECT Clause The keywords BULK COLLECT specify the SQL engine to bulk-bind output collections before returning them to the PL/SQL engine. You can use these ke
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