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Using %TYPEThe %TYPE attribute gives the datatype of a variable or the database column. In the example below, the %TYPE gives the datatype of a variable:credit REAL(7,2);debit credit%TYPE;The Variables declared using %TYPE is treated such as those declared using a datatype specifier. For example, given the earlier declarations, the PL/SQL treats debit such as REAL (7, 2) variable. The later example shows that a %TYPE declaration can involve an initialization clause:balance NUMBER(7,2);minimum_balance balance%TYPE := 10.00;The %TYPE attribute is mainly useful when declaring a variable which refer to a database columns. You can reference a table & column, or you can reference an owner, column, table, and as inmy_dname scott.dept.dname%TYPE;Using the %TYPE to declare my_dname has two merits. Firstly, you do not require knowing the exact datatype of dname. Secondly, when the database definition of the dname changes, the datatype of my_dname change accordingly at the run time.
GOTO Statement The GOTO statement branches to a label unconditionally. The label must be exclusive within its scope and should precede an executable statement or a PL/SQL block.
Cursor Variables Similar to a cursor, cursor variable points to the current row in the result set of a multi-row query. But, dissimilar a cursor, a cursor variable can be opene
Using Savepoints The scope of the savepoint is a transaction in which it is defined. The Savepoints defined in the major transaction are not related to the savepoints defined
Example of Cast Operator So long as CAST is used as shown, we could obtain the total marks for each exam in similar fashion, using SUM (Mark) AS TotalMarks. However, this giv
Redeclaring Predefined Exceptions Keep in mind that, the PL/SQL declares predefined exceptions globally in the package STANDARD; Therefore you need not declare them yourself.
THEORY OF BIOGENESIS - This theory explains that the existing living organisms originated from pre-existing living beings not from non living entities. This concept of or
%TYPE Attribute The %TYPE attribute gives the datatype of a record, field, nested table, database column, or the variable. You can use the %TYPE attribute as the datatype speci
Using Operator DEREF: You cannot navigate through refs within the PL/SQL procedural statements. Rather than, you should use the operator DEREF in the SQL statement. The DEREF
Semidifference and NOT - SQL In this section first describe the relational difference operator, named MINUS. Example here shows SQL's closest counterpart of that operator.
Keyword & Parameter Description: PRAGMA: These keywords signify that the statement is a pragma (i.e. compiler directive). The Pragmas are processed at the compile time, n
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