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Using %TYPEThe %TYPE attribute gives the datatype of a variable or the database column. In the example below, the %TYPE gives the datatype of a variable:credit REAL(7,2);debit credit%TYPE;The Variables declared using %TYPE is treated such as those declared using a datatype specifier. For example, given the earlier declarations, the PL/SQL treats debit such as REAL (7, 2) variable. The later example shows that a %TYPE declaration can involve an initialization clause:balance NUMBER(7,2);minimum_balance balance%TYPE := 10.00;The %TYPE attribute is mainly useful when declaring a variable which refer to a database columns. You can reference a table & column, or you can reference an owner, column, table, and as inmy_dname scott.dept.dname%TYPE;Using the %TYPE to declare my_dname has two merits. Firstly, you do not require knowing the exact datatype of dname. Secondly, when the database definition of the dname changes, the datatype of my_dname change accordingly at the run time.
Boolean Values Only the values TRUE, FALSE, & NULL can be assigned to a Boolean variable. For illustration, given the declaration DECLARE done BOOLEAN; the following statements
LOOP Statements The LOOP statements execute a series of statements at multiple times. The loops enclose the series of statements that is to be repeated. The PL/SQL provides typ
Variable Declaration - SQL SQL's support for variables is very similar to Tutorial D's, except that the syntax for creating persistent variables-base tables-is quite differen
Parameter and Keyword Description: collection_name: This keyword identifies the index-by table, nested table, or varray formerly declared within the present scope. cu
Relational Algebra - SQL It describes some operators, that together constitute an algebra that is not only relationally complete but also irreducibly so (very nearly- apart f
V ariables and Constants in PL/SQL The PL/SQL permits you to declare constants and variables, and then use them in SQL and procedural statements anywhere in the expression. Th
Using Aliases The Select-list items fetched from a cursor related with the %ROWTYPE should have simple names or, if they are expressions, should have aliases. In the example bel
BEGIN Parameter Description in pl sql: BEGIN: This keyword signals the beginning of the executable section of a PL/SQL block, that contains executable statements. The execut
Write a query to find academics that are authors and that have only ever coauthored papers with authors from institutes in the same state as their own. List their academic number,
Example of Foreign Key Constraint Example: Alternative formulation for 6.3 as a foreign key constraint ALTER TABLE EXAM_MARK ADD CONSTRAINT Must_be_enrolled_to_take_exam
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