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Using %TYPEThe %TYPE attribute gives the datatype of a variable or the database column. In the example below, the %TYPE gives the datatype of a variable:credit REAL(7,2);debit credit%TYPE;The Variables declared using %TYPE is treated such as those declared using a datatype specifier. For example, given the earlier declarations, the PL/SQL treats debit such as REAL (7, 2) variable. The later example shows that a %TYPE declaration can involve an initialization clause:balance NUMBER(7,2);minimum_balance balance%TYPE := 10.00;The %TYPE attribute is mainly useful when declaring a variable which refer to a database columns. You can reference a table & column, or you can reference an owner, column, table, and as inmy_dname scott.dept.dname%TYPE;Using the %TYPE to declare my_dname has two merits. Firstly, you do not require knowing the exact datatype of dname. Secondly, when the database definition of the dname changes, the datatype of my_dname change accordingly at the run time.
Explicit Cursors The set of rows returned by the query can include zero, one, or multiple rows, depending on how many rows meet your search criteria. Whenever a query returns
Overloading: Similar to packaged subprograms, methods of the same type can be overloaded. That is, you can use similar name for various methods if their formal parameters diff
Name Resolution During the compilation, the PL/SQL compiler relates identifiers like the name of a variable with an address or memory location, actual value, or datatype. Th
Using a Host Variable You can declare the cursor variable in the PL/SQL host environment like an OCI or Pro C program. To use the cursor variable, you should pass it as a host
Using DELETE This process has three forms. The DELETE removes all elements from the collection. DELETE(n) removes the nth element from the nested table. When n is null, then D
Create a procedure named DDPROJ_SP that retrieves project information for a specific project based on a project ID. The procedure should have two parameters: one to accept a projec
%ROWCOUNT When its cursor or cursor variable is opened, the %ROWCOUNT is zeroed. Before the first fetch, the %ROWCOUNT yields 0. Afterward, it yields the number of rows fetche
Definition of FROM - SQL Recall that the operand of FROM is denoted by a commalist, each element of that commalist being a table expression optionally accompanied by a range v
Short-Circuit Evaluation When computing a logical expression, the PL/SQL uses short-circuit evaluation. That is, the PL/SQL stops computing the expression as soon as the result
Example of GROUPBY Operator Example: How many students sat each exam, using GROUP BY, NATURAL LEFT JOIN, and COALESCE SELECT CourseId, COALESCE (n, 0) AS n FROM COURS
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