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Using %TYPEThe %TYPE attribute gives the datatype of a variable or the database column. In the example below, the %TYPE gives the datatype of a variable:credit REAL(7,2);debit credit%TYPE;The Variables declared using %TYPE is treated such as those declared using a datatype specifier. For example, given the earlier declarations, the PL/SQL treats debit such as REAL (7, 2) variable. The later example shows that a %TYPE declaration can involve an initialization clause:balance NUMBER(7,2);minimum_balance balance%TYPE := 10.00;The %TYPE attribute is mainly useful when declaring a variable which refer to a database columns. You can reference a table & column, or you can reference an owner, column, table, and as inmy_dname scott.dept.dname%TYPE;Using the %TYPE to declare my_dname has two merits. Firstly, you do not require knowing the exact datatype of dname. Secondly, when the database definition of the dname changes, the datatype of my_dname change accordingly at the run time.
FETCH Statement The FETCH statement retrieve rows of data one at a time from the result set of the multi-row query. The data is stored in fields or variables which correspond t
Using Subqueries A subquery is a query (typically enclosed by parentheses) that appears within another SQL data manipulation statement. If evaluated, the subquery gives a va
At times, Brewbean's has changed the id number for existing products. In the past, they have had to add a new product row with the new id to the BB_PRODUCT table, modify all the co
JOIN and AND in SQL In this Section is all about one operator, JOIN. SQL's closest counterpart, NATURAL JOIN, has already been covered. Here we look at several other "join" op
Processing Transactions This part describes how to do the transaction processing. You learn the fundamental techniques that safeguard the consistency of your database, involvin
1. a. Write a trigger that fires when a part's price is updated. The trigger will write a record into a table called PriceUpdates. The record should contain the information of
Third Step at defining type SID in SQL CREATE DOMAIN SID AS VARCHAR(5) CHECK ( VALUE IS NOT NULL AND SUBSTRING(VALUE FROM 1 FOR 1) = 'S' AND CAST('+'||SUBSTRING(VALUE
Write a pl/sql block that declares and uses cursors with parameters. In a loop, use a cursor to retrieve the department number and the department name from the departments table
Brewbean's is implementing a new discount for return shoppers - every fifth completed order receives a 10% discount. The count of orders for a shopper is placed in a packaged varia
Avoiding Collection Exceptions In many cases, if you reference a nonexistent collection element, then PL/SQL raises a predefined exception. Consider the illustration shown b
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