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Using EXCEPTION_INIT
To handle unnamed internal exceptions, you should use the OTHERS handler or the pragma EXCEPTION_INIT. The pragma is a compiler directive that can be thought of as a parenthetical comment to the compiler. The Pragmas (also known as the pseudoinstructions) are processed at the compile time, not at run time. For illustration, in the language Ada, the pragma below tells the compiler to optimize the use of the storage space:
pragma OPTIMIZE(SPACE);
In the PL/SQL, the pragma EXCEPTION_INIT tells the compiler to relate an exception name with an Oracle error number. This permits you to refer to any internal exception by name & to write a specific handler for it. In the declarative section of a PL/SQL subprogram, block, or package you can code the pragma EXCEPTION_INIT using the syntax as shown:
PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT(exception_name, Oracle_error_number);
Where the exception_name is the name of an earlier declared exception. The pragma should appear anywhere after the exception declaration in the similar declarative part, as shown in the illustration below:
DECLARE
deadlock_detected EXCEPTION;
PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT(deadlock_detected, -60);
BEGIN
...
EXCEPTION
WHEN deadlock_detected THEN
-- handle the error
END;
Positional Notation The first procedure call uses the positional notation. The PL/SQL compiler relates the first actual parameter, account, with the first proper parameter, ac
Using a Join on 2 tables, select all columns and all rows from the tables without the use of a Cartesian product. Query: SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE1 JOIN CONTRACT ON EMPLOYEE
Synonyms You can create the synonyms to provide location transparency for the remote schema objects like tables, views, sequences, stand-alone subprograms, and packages. Though,
Updating Objects: To change the attributes of objects in an object table, you can use the UPDATE statement, as the illustration below shows: BEGIN UPDATE persons p SET p
Loop Labels Like the PL/SQL blocks, loops can also be labeled. The label, an undeclared identifier enclosed by double angle brackets, should appear at the beginning of the LOOP
Committing and Rolling Back The COMMIT and ROLLBACK end the active autonomous transaction but do not exit the autonomous routine. As the figure shows, if one transaction ends,
Closing a Cursor Variable The CLOSE statement disables the cursor variable. After that, the related result set is undefined. The syntax for the same is as shown below: CLOS
Literature review
Error Handling The PL/SQL makes it easy to detect and process the predefined and user-defined error conditions known as exceptions. Whenever an error occurs, an exception is ra
Why Use Cursor Variables ? Primarily, you use the cursor variables to pass the query result sets between the PL/SQL stored subprograms and different clients. Neither PL/SQL nor
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