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Usefulness of Data Type
In SQL, as in most computer languages, a type can be used for constraining the values that are permitted to be used for some purpose. In particular, it can be used for constraining:
In each of the above cases, the type used for the purpose in question is the declared type of the variable, parameter, operator, or column, respectively. As a consequence, every expression denoting a value has a declared type too, whether that expression be a literal, a reference to a variable, parameter, or column, or an invocation of an operator. Thus SQL is able to detect errors at "compile time"- by mere inspection of a given script - that would otherwise arise, and cause much more inconvenience, at run time (when the script is executed).
Example of GROUP BY and COLLECT Operator Example: Using GROUP BY and COLLECT to obtain C_ER2 SELECT CourseId, CAST ( COLLECT (ROW (StudentId, Mark)) AS ROW (Studen
Equivalences & Rewrite Rules: If notice that as well as allowing us to prove trivial theorems, and tautologies enable us to establish that certain sentences are saying the sam
Accessing Attributes: You can refer to an attribute only by its name not by its position in the object type. To access or modify the value of an attribute, you can use the dot
Dynamic SQL: The Most PL/SQL programs do a predictable, specific job. For illustration, a stored procedure may accept an employee number and salary increase, and then update t
Type versus Representation Confusion in SQL This describes how a value might have two or more distinct representations. For example, user-defined type POINT might have a decla
MERGE and TRUNCATE in SQL SQL has two more table update operators, MERGE and TRUNCATE. MERGE, like INSERT, takes a source table s and uses it to update a target table t. Brief
Declaring Objects: You can use the object types wherever built-in types like CHAR or NUMBER can be used. In the block below, you can declare object r of type Rational. Then, yo
ROWNUM The ROWNUM returns a number representing the order in which a row was selected from the table. The first row selected has a ROWNUM of 1; the second row has a ROWNUM of
Using RENAME in combination with JOIN - SQL Example gives pairs of ids of students having the same name, by joining two renamings of IS_CALLED. Example gives an equivalent ex
Keyword & Parameter Description: PRAGMA: These keywords signify that the statement is a pragma (i.e. compiler directive). The Pragmas are processed at the compile time, n
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