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Usefulness of Data Type
In SQL, as in most computer languages, a type can be used for constraining the values that are permitted to be used for some purpose. In particular, it can be used for constraining:
In each of the above cases, the type used for the purpose in question is the declared type of the variable, parameter, operator, or column, respectively. As a consequence, every expression denoting a value has a declared type too, whether that expression be a literal, a reference to a variable, parameter, or column, or an invocation of an operator. Thus SQL is able to detect errors at "compile time"- by mere inspection of a given script - that would otherwise arise, and cause much more inconvenience, at run time (when the script is executed).
Closing a Cursor The CLOSE statements disable the cursor, and the result set becomes undefined. An illustration of the CLOSE statement as shown: CLOSE c1;
Overloading: Similar to packaged subprograms, methods of the same type can be overloaded. That is, you can use similar name for various methods if their formal parameters diff
Assignment Source Not a Literal - Variable Syntax: SET SN = SID (SUBSTRING (SN.C FROM 1 FOR 1)||'5');
Use Native Dynamic SQL A few programs (a normal-purpose report writer for illustration) should build and process a variety of SQL statements at run time. Therefore, their full
Named Notation The second procedure call uses the named notation. An arrow (=>) serve as the relationship operator that associates the formal parameter to the left of the arro
Logical Operators The logical operators AND, NOT, and OR follow the tri-state logic shown in table below. The AND and OR are binary operators; NOT is a unary operator.
Boolean Values Only the values TRUE, FALSE, & NULL can be assigned to a Boolean variable. For illustration, given the declaration DECLARE done BOOLEAN; the following statements
SQL Pseudocolumns The PL/SQL recognizes the following SQL pseudocolumns, that returns the specific data items: LEVEL, NEXTVAL, CURRVAL, ROWID, & ROWNUM. The Pseudocolumns are n
%NOTFOUND The %NOTFOUND is the logical opposite of the %FOUND. The %NOTFOUND yields TRUE when an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement affected no rows, or the SELECT INTO state
Updating a Variable Assignment of an attribute value in a variable of a structured type Synatx: SET SN.C = 'S2'; As in Example the entire statement is equivalent to a
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