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SQLs counterpart of the key words:
The text from the opening parenthesis to the end of the fourth line specifies the declared type of the table, meaning that every table ever assigned to ENROLMENT must be a table of that type.The declared type of ENROLMENT is a table type, indicated by the key word TABLE and a comma-separated list (commalist, for short) of column definitions. A column definition consists of a column name followed by a type specification. Thus, each column of the table also has a declared type. Two or more columns can have the same type but not the same name. The type names SID and CID (for student ids and course ids) refer either to user-defined types or to user-defined domains. User-defined types and domains have to be defined by some user of the DBMS before they can be referred to. The type name VARCHAR(30) (character strings of length 30 or less), by contrast, is a predefined type: it is provided by the DBMS itself, is available to all users, and cannot be destroyed.
Using raise_application_error The Package DBMS_STANDARD that is supplied with Oracle gives language facilities that help your application to interact with Oracle. For illustra
Implicit Cursors The Oracle implicitly opens a cursor to process each SQL statement not related with an explicitly declared cursor. The PL/SQL lets you refer to the most recen
Main features of PL/SQL A good way to get familiar with PL/SQL is to look at a sample program. The below program processes an order for tennis rackets. At first, it declares a
Case Sensitivity Similar to all the identifiers, the variables, the names of constants, and parameters are not case sensitive. For illustration, PL/SQL considers the following n
Control Structures The Control structures are the most important PL/SQL extension to the SQL. Not only does PL/SQL let you manipulate Oracle data, it lets you process the data
Task 2 [12 marks] Write the package body for the following package specification (the detailed description of each function and procedure is provided in the appendix below). Place
Relational Algebra - SQL It describes some operators, that together constitute an algebra that is not only relationally complete but also irreducibly so (very nearly- apart f
FETCH Statement The FETCH statement retrieve rows of data one at a time from the result set of the multi-row query. The data is stored in fields or variables which correspond t
Parameter and Keyword Description: type_name: This identifies a user-defined type specifier that is used in the subsequent declarations of the objects. AUTHID Clause:
Query: SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE1; Select 5 columns and all rows from one table Query: SELECT C_ID, COMPANY, BUILDING, DEPARTMENT, BRANCH FROM CONTRACT;
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