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SQLs counterpart of the key words:
The text from the opening parenthesis to the end of the fourth line specifies the declared type of the table, meaning that every table ever assigned to ENROLMENT must be a table of that type.The declared type of ENROLMENT is a table type, indicated by the key word TABLE and a comma-separated list (commalist, for short) of column definitions. A column definition consists of a column name followed by a type specification. Thus, each column of the table also has a declared type. Two or more columns can have the same type but not the same name. The type names SID and CID (for student ids and course ids) refer either to user-defined types or to user-defined domains. User-defined types and domains have to be defined by some user of the DBMS before they can be referred to. The type name VARCHAR(30) (character strings of length 30 or less), by contrast, is a predefined type: it is provided by the DBMS itself, is available to all users, and cannot be destroyed.
Avoid the NOT NULL Constraint In the PL/SQL, using the NOT NULL constraint incur a performance cost. Consider the illustration as shown below: PROCEDURE calc_m IS m NUMB
Keys in SQL SQL support for keys in the following respects: SQL does not require at least one key for every base table. If no key is explicitly declared, then KEY {ALL B
Advantages of Wrapping The PL/SQL Wrapper convert the PL/SQL source code into a transitional form of the object code. By hiding the application internals, the Wrapper secure
LOB Types The large object (LOB) datatypes like BFILE, BLOB, CLOB, and NCLOB store the blocks of unstructured data (like graphic images, text, video clips, and sound waveforms)
Literals A literal is an explicit numeric, string, character, or Boolean value not represented by an identifier. Numeric literal 147 and the Boolean literal FALSE are some of
Packaging Cursors You can split a cursor specification from its body for placement in a package. In that way, you can change the cursor body without changing the cursor spec
What Is a Package? The package is a schema object that group logically related PL/SQL items, types, and subprograms. The Packages usually have 2 parts, a specification & a bo
Avoiding Collection Exceptions In many cases, if you reference a nonexistent collection element, then PL/SQL raises a predefined exception. Consider the illustration shown b
User-Defined Exceptions The PL/SQL defines the exceptions of your own. Dissimilar to the predefined exceptions, the user-defined exceptions should be declared and should be rai
set serveroutput on declare a number(5); b number(5); c number(5); begin a:=&a; b:=&b; c:=a/b; dbms_output.put_line(c); exception when zero_d
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