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SQLs counterpart of the key words:
The text from the opening parenthesis to the end of the fourth line specifies the declared type of the table, meaning that every table ever assigned to ENROLMENT must be a table of that type.The declared type of ENROLMENT is a table type, indicated by the key word TABLE and a comma-separated list (commalist, for short) of column definitions. A column definition consists of a column name followed by a type specification. Thus, each column of the table also has a declared type. Two or more columns can have the same type but not the same name. The type names SID and CID (for student ids and course ids) refer either to user-defined types or to user-defined domains. User-defined types and domains have to be defined by some user of the DBMS before they can be referred to. The type name VARCHAR(30) (character strings of length 30 or less), by contrast, is a predefined type: it is provided by the DBMS itself, is available to all users, and cannot be destroyed.
Processing Transactions This part describes how to do the transaction processing. You learn the fundamental techniques that safeguard the consistency of your database, involvin
Functions The function is a subprogram that calculates a value. The Functions and procedures are structured similar, except that the functions have a RETURN clause. You can
V ariables and Constants in PL/SQL The PL/SQL permits you to declare constants and variables, and then use them in SQL and procedural statements anywhere in the expression. Th
Extension and AND in SQL The theory book gives the following simple example of relational extension in Tutorial D: EXTEND IS_CALLED ADD ( FirstLetter ( Name ) AS Initial )
Parameter and Keyword Description: EXIT: An unconditional EXIT statement (i.e., one without a WHEN clause) exits the present loop instantly. The Execution resumes with th
Using COMMIT The COMMIT statements end the present transaction and make permanent any changes made during that transaction. Till you commit the changes, other users cannot acc
Example of DELETE - SQL As with UPDATE, a FOR PORTION OF clause can be specified if the target table has a defined period name, as illustrated in Example. Example: Deleting
EXECUTE Privilege To call an invoker-rights routine straightforwardly, the users should have the EXECUTE privilege on that routine. By yielding the privilege, you permit a user
Procedural Constraint Enforcement (Triggers) SQL has an alternative method of addressing database integrity, involving event-driven procedural code. The special procedures th
Due to an increase in overhead costs, the buying price of all items needs to be increased. Management wants to see a report before deciding how much each product will go up. Add to
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