Principal structures in flow charting, Basic Computer Science

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PRINCIPAL STRUCTURES IN FLOW CHARTING

Structured programing calls for the usage of four principal structures to help simplify the program. They are:

  •     Sequential control
  •     IF-THEN-ELSE control
  •     Replication PRE-TEST (DO WHILE) AND POST-TEST (DO UNTIL)
  •     Case Structure PRE-TEST AND POST-TEST

These structures are illustrated in the 5 figures.

The first of the figures, is the conventional sequential flow in a given order. That is, Module A, followed by Module B and followed by Module C. For example: Data is read, data is processed and data is printed out.

Figure 1

313_structure in flow charting.png

The second structure, is used for processing if a specific condition is true. For example: If the condition is true, then MODULE A is processed, ELSE the condition is false and MODULE B is processed.

Figure 2

46_structure in flow charting1.png

The third structure is used for repeated operations (replications). For example: Do the following sequence of instructions WHILE the condition is TRUE.

The DO AND TEST (or DO UNTIL) is similar to the DO WHILE except for an important difference. In the DO WHILE the condition for executing MODULE A is first checked and if not true, MODULE A is not executed. In the DO AND TEST, MODULE A is first processed, then the condition tested.

Figure 3

1913_structure in flow charting2.png

The following figure describes the case structure. This is applicable when there are multiple alternatives available and depending on the testing of a condition, exactly one case has to be processed.

1760_structure in flow charting3.png

Any program can be designed by combining these various structures. 


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