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Increased overheads on update: On the drawbacks side, it will need the system to ensure that all replicas of a relation are consistent. This shows that all the replicas of the relation require to be updated at the similar time, resulting in increased overheads. For instance, in a banking system, if account information is replicated at several sites, it is essential that the balance in a particular account should be the similar at all sites.
The problem of controlling concurrent updates by various transactions to replicated data is more difficult than the centralised approach of concurrency control. The management of replicas of relation can be simplified by deciding one of the replicas as the primary copy. For instance, in a banking system, the primary copy of an account may be the site at which the account has been opened. Likewise, in an airline reservation system, the primary copy of the flight may be related with the site at which the flight originates.
In this programming assignment, you will develop a simple database of student records. Here are the requirements: 1) A student record contains a name and a number. We assume tha
how does Btree differ from a B+ - tree?
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Problem 1. Create a PL/SQL program to insert data into student table and display the details of the student having Reg.No 1010 Writing a PL/SQL program to Insert data
Atomicity : Either all functions are laid out or none are. Users could not have to think about the effect of incomplete operations. DBMS ensures this by undoing the functions
write-set(T): Each data items that are written by a transaction T
Components of database manager The above functions are reached by the database manager. The major elements of a database manager are: Authorisation control: This mod
Express the following queries in SQL: (a) Write the SQL code that will create ALL the four tables given in the appendix. Your answer should not contain the primary key and
Describe the statement in SQL which allows to change the definition of a table? In SQL Alter statement is used to allow the changes the definition of a table.
Evaluate: a.When transactions T1 and T2 are in a deadlock, one of the transactions will eventually implement to completion and let the other one continue implementation. b.
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