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Improved Reliability:In a centralised DBMS, a server failure stops the operations of the DBMS. Though, a failure at single site of a DDBMS, or a failure of a communication link creation some sites inaccessible, does not make the whole system inoperable. Distributed DBMSs are designed to continue to function despite such as failures. In particular, if data are replicated in various sites, a transaction requiring a particular data item may find it at various sites. Therefore, the failure of a site does not necessarily imply the shutdown of the system.
The failure of one site must be identified by the system, and appropriate action may be required to recover from the failure. The system has no longer used the services of the failed site. At last, when the failed site recovers or is repaired, mechanisms have to be available to integrate it smoothly back into the system. The recovery from failure in distributed systems is much more difficult than in a centralised system.
Deletion Anomalies: Loss of important Information: In some cases, useful information may be lost when a tuple is deleted. For instance, if we delete the tuple corresponding to stu
Introduction In large projects, we can have many different companies working together. Generally, the project or contract is awarded to one company (Principal Contractor), which
Depending upon the rules we have found, we can classify the locks into two types. Shared Lock: A transaction might be acquiring shared lock on a data item in order to read it
Cardinality of Relationship One-to-One Only one entity of the first set is linked to only one entity of the second set. E.g. A teacher teaches a student. Only one teacher
(a) Why did SAP introduce the extended star schema?
At its most essential level the DBMS architecture can be divide into two parts: the back end and the front end. The back end is responsible for managing the physical database an
What is candidate key? Candidate Key - A candidate key of an entity set is a minimal superkey, which uniquely identifies each row in the relation.
how oracle can be used
Hardware failure : Hardware failures are the failures when some disk or hardware chip fails. This may result in loss of data. One such trouble can be that a disk gets damaged and
For the relations R and S given below: R S A B C 1 4 7 2 5 8 3 6 9
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