Explain the elementary particles and particle accelerators, Physics

Assignment Help:

Explain the Elementary Particles and Particle Accelerators

More than 100 particles smaller than the proton, electron and neutron have been discovered and are referred to as elementary particles. Most of these are now believed to be composed of a small number of quarks, whose charge is believed to be 1/3 that of an electron. A proton and an electron are believed to contain three quarks each.

Mesons have a mass between that of the electron and that of the proton. Neutral mesons as well as positive and negative mesons have been found. The negative pi-meson has a mass about 270 times that of the electron. Mesons are unstable. When the pi-meson decays, a lighter particle known as a muon is produced.

Particles heavier than the neutron, such as the upsilon particle which has a mass 10 times that of a proton, have also been found.

Antiparticles have the same mass but opposite charge to the corresponding particle. The positron is the antiparticle of the electron.

The neutrino is a neutral particle of practically zero rest mass introduced by Pauli in 1931 and detected experimentally in 1956.

The photon is usually classified as an elementary particle that travels at the speed of light. It has zero rest mass and an amount of energy dependent on its frequency.

The muon has an associated neutrino. The tau particle, which is heavier than the muon, also has an associated neutrino. All have antiparticles.

Particle Accelerators are the main tools used to examine the nucleus. The greater the energy of the particles used to “smash” the nucleus, the more detail about its structure and particles is available. The bombarding particles are usually described as possessing energy in millions of electron volts (MeV) or billions of electron volts (GeV). Electrons or protons can be used to bombard nuclei. These particles, since they are charged, can be accelerated by being placed in an electric field. A linear accelerator or cyclotron, which is able to circulate the particles up to 100 times to increase the particles' energy by millions of eV, is used to accelerate electrons or protons.

At these high energies, subatomic particles can start showing relativistic effects. As particles move at an appreciable percentage of the speed of light, the mass of the particle increases and the lengths traveled decrease from rest values.

Stanford University operates a linear accelerator, SLAC, and several laboratories operate synchrotrons, the largest being run by Fermilab in Batavia, Illinois. 


Related Discussions:- Explain the elementary particles and particle accelerators

Bernoullis theorem, what is the theory behind bernoullies theorem?

what is the theory behind bernoullies theorem?

Science/math, an oven is turned on at a room temperature of 20C and it take...

an oven is turned on at a room temperature of 20C and it takes 10 min to reach a temperature of 190C.a try of cookies is placed in the oven to bake for 10 min.the oven is then turn

Define the temperature coefficient of resistance, Q. Define: the temperatur...

Q. Define: the temperature coefficient of resistance. The ratio of raise in resistance per degree rise in temperature to its resistance at 0 o C is called as temperature coeff

What is the neutron, Q. What is the neutron? Answer:- A neutron is...

Q. What is the neutron? Answer:- A neutron is a subatomic particle it's one of the building blocks of the atom. It has a mass of in relation to 1.675 x 10-27 kg. Its spin

What is equatorial and polar diameter, What is Equatorial and polar diamete...

What is Equatorial and polar diameter? The equatorial diameter. The equatorial diameter of the earth is 7920 miles in length and polar diameter is about 27 miles shorter than the

Explain dynamic strain aging and strain aging, What is the difference among...

What is the difference among dynamic strain aging and strain aging? Strain aging could be explained as " tear and normal wear " or the fatigue that is experienced under normal

Equation for the equivalent capacitance, Derive mathematical equation for t...

Derive mathematical equation for the equivalent capacitance (Capacity) when capacitors are connected in series.

Determine the speed by using a wheel and axle, Using a wheel and axle Us...

Using a wheel and axle Use the pencil sharpener that you used in experiment A 8. Pull on the end of the string that held the books and observe how rapidly the crank turns.

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd