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Structure
Records in automated systems may be of fixed length or variable length. Fixed length records in a file must each contain the same fields and -any given field must always be of the same length from one record to another. If a field is repeatable, it must be repeated the same number of times in each record. Variable-length records may be variable because they do not contain the same number of fields (a given field may not occur in every record) or because a given field is not always of the same length. Bibliographic records do not fit naturally into the fixed - length pattern.
An example of a database whose records can be treated as fixed length is a mailing list for officials within organizations. In each record there can be fields for each of name, job title, province, state, postal code. Few of any of these data elements will always be the same length, but most of them will have a similar length. Each data element is allocated a number of characters and any space not used will be filled with blank spaces. The system designer has to allocate to each data element a suitable number of characters which will not be too small to accommodate the majority of records, but not too large also, to waste space by having records full of spaces. Most records in a mailing list will include all the fields mentioned above and there will not be too many fields in a mailing list database which are completely filled with spaces. In bibliographic records, the situation is different.
Revision It is difficult and costly venture to produce a really authoritative encyclopaedia. They get out of date in a course of time due to dynamic nature of knowledge. Hence
Format The value of the format can be determined by verifying the following aspects of the ready reference sources. Size: Ready reference sources are usually single volum
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Uses of Ready Reference Sources We have surveyed various types of ready reference sources viz., yearbooks, almanacs, supplement to encyclopaedias, handbooks, manuals, guides,
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History of Africa : The history of Africa starts along with the prehistory of Africa and the emergence of Homo sapiens in East Africa, ongoing into the current as a patchwork of di
About the question of violence in the usa there is an enormous literature - as well as a lot of popular perceptions which themselves incorporate some myths. Contrary to
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