Define the role of organizationin computer architecture

The organization is the set of resources that realizes the architecture which include the CPU, the memory and I/O controllers. These are digital systems with registers, buses, ALUs, sequencers, etc. CPU is responsible for running machine language programs: It runs machine language instructions. Running a machine language instruction is performing a simple operation (command) on data. Memory keeps the programs and data, leading to stored program concept of today's computers. I/O controllers interface the I/O devices to memory and CPU. An I/O controller can control one or more I/O devices. Often number of I/O devices connected to an I/O controller depends on speed of I/O devices. A high speed I/O device can be controlled by a single I/O controller whereas a few slow speed I/O devices can be controlled by a single I/O controller. Stored-program concept and the generic view of a computer organization with at least three digital systems (CPU, memory and I/O controller) are often attributed to mathematician John Von Neumann. Though, there is considerable debate on that.