Computer processing, Basic Computer Science

Assignment Help:

Computer Processing:

Most of the earliest computer memories have been based on physical elements which can exist in just one of the two states (on or off): such an element corresponds to one bit of information. Binary symbols are used because electronic devices can store and process them rapidly and cheaply. The physical devices used have been changed greatly,, but the principles of information representation mid manipulation within digital computers have remained essentially the same. The size of a computer can be described by the number of bits (binary digits) which its memory contains, but for most purposes larger units of storage are used to characterise machines. Generally, these are denoted by a byte which normally consists of 8 bits, and is sufficient to represent one character, and a word which can be of length -8, 16, 32 bits, is the smallest unit of storage to which most of the computer's instructions can be applied. Memories are usually described as being of a size measured in Kilobytes (K bytes) or Megabytes (M bytes). The sets or patterns of bits which make up bytes and words are used to represent all information within a computer, whether it is program instructions or data items.

The exact method of representation will vary from one machine to another, particularly with respect to instructions formats. An 8 bit byte can accommodate 256 different bit patterns and so it is sufficient to allow for most of the characters which could be required to be printed, e.g., upper and lower case letters A-Z, together with the numbers 0-9 and also a range of punctuation symbols, with allowance for non-printing characters such as end-of-line. The set of bit patterns corresponding to a set of characters is called a character code. Standard codes are ASCII  and EBCDIC. Numbers are normally represented by one or more computer words. Incase of integers, the set of 8,16, or 32 bits (as per the computer's word length) is treated as a binary integer (i.e., encoded in the notation of binary arithmetic). A real number is represented by dividing a computer word into two components: a simple decimal number (i.e., the mantissa portion) together with the power to which it must be raised (i.e., the exponent).  


Related Discussions:- Computer processing

Assembly language, Questions 1) Polynomial Integrals Problem: Write an X86-...

Questions 1) Polynomial Integrals Problem: Write an X86-series assembly language program that calculates and prints out (in a nice form) the indefinite integral of a simple polynom

Diffrence Between FAT 32 And NTFS.., Dear sir please define what is the dif...

Dear sir please define what is the difference between FAT 32 and NTFS .

Computers in laboratory organisation and management, Computers can be used ...

Computers can be used for better and more efficient management and organisation of laboratories. A computer like the human brain receives information, stores and processes it and t

Flow decomposition technique to list the cycles, QUESTION (a) Consider ...

QUESTION (a) Consider the graph below, use the Flow Decomposition technique to list the cycles and paths produced.                                                (b) Pr

Assignment, I have an assignment i need it to get it done How much would I...

I have an assignment i need it to get it done How much would I be charged for that?

Microprocessor, what is computer? explaine the block diagram of a general p...

what is computer? explaine the block diagram of a general purpose digital computer.

Explain the probability and non-probability sampling methods, Question 1 W...

Question 1 Write a program to read four floating point numbers and find their sum and average. Question 2 Differentiate string constants and character constants with one exam

Input/output (i/o) unit, Input/output (I/o) unit: This unit provides th...

Input/output (I/o) unit: This unit provides the interface between the computer and the computer peripherals. A computer peripheral is any unit, which is attached to, but is no

Cad cam, Define explicit, implicit and parametric representation and what a...

Define explicit, implicit and parametric representation and what are their advantages?

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd