Computer processing, Basic Computer Science

Assignment Help:

Computer Processing:

Most of the earliest computer memories have been based on physical elements which can exist in just one of the two states (on or off): such an element corresponds to one bit of information. Binary symbols are used because electronic devices can store and process them rapidly and cheaply. The physical devices used have been changed greatly,, but the principles of information representation mid manipulation within digital computers have remained essentially the same. The size of a computer can be described by the number of bits (binary digits) which its memory contains, but for most purposes larger units of storage are used to characterise machines. Generally, these are denoted by a byte which normally consists of 8 bits, and is sufficient to represent one character, and a word which can be of length -8, 16, 32 bits, is the smallest unit of storage to which most of the computer's instructions can be applied. Memories are usually described as being of a size measured in Kilobytes (K bytes) or Megabytes (M bytes). The sets or patterns of bits which make up bytes and words are used to represent all information within a computer, whether it is program instructions or data items.

The exact method of representation will vary from one machine to another, particularly with respect to instructions formats. An 8 bit byte can accommodate 256 different bit patterns and so it is sufficient to allow for most of the characters which could be required to be printed, e.g., upper and lower case letters A-Z, together with the numbers 0-9 and also a range of punctuation symbols, with allowance for non-printing characters such as end-of-line. The set of bit patterns corresponding to a set of characters is called a character code. Standard codes are ASCII  and EBCDIC. Numbers are normally represented by one or more computer words. Incase of integers, the set of 8,16, or 32 bits (as per the computer's word length) is treated as a binary integer (i.e., encoded in the notation of binary arithmetic). A real number is represented by dividing a computer word into two components: a simple decimal number (i.e., the mantissa portion) together with the power to which it must be raised (i.e., the exponent).  


Related Discussions:- Computer processing

Explain initial dynamic model with example, Question 1 Explain initial dyn...

Question 1 Explain initial dynamic model with example Question 2 Discuss the importance of object orientation during system development Question 3 Distinguish between Ob

HOMEWORK 9.., AsBased on Chapter Review Problems from the book. 1 #1. Wh...

AsBased on Chapter Review Problems from the book. 1 #1. What is meant by data independence? Explain your answer. #2. Identify two benefits of separating application software fr

Data output, DATA OUTPUT : Whatever, data or information that you feed int...

DATA OUTPUT : Whatever, data or information that you feed into a computer will be the data output from a computer system and will be a data file sent from the computer to a periph

Discuss on segmentation, Question 1 What is an operating system? Explain i...

Question 1 What is an operating system? Explain its functions Question 2 Discuss round-robin scheduling Question 3 Discuss on segmentation Question 4 What are the s

Handling Text Files, I. Write an application that accomplishes the followin...

I. Write an application that accomplishes the following tasks: 1. Read a text file that contains, integers, doubles, alphabet, alphanumeric, and others. The name of the input fil

Creating Navigational Buttons in Oracle, Need some help in creating custom ...

Need some help in creating custom forms navigational buttons in oracle 10g

COMPUTER SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE, PLEASE HELP ME TO CONSTRUCT THE XOR GATE USIN...

PLEASE HELP ME TO CONSTRUCT THE XOR GATE USING ONLY NAND GATE

Generic techniques in artificial intelligence, G e ne ric Techniques Dev...

G e ne ric Techniques Developed: In  the  pursuit  of  solutions  to  many   problems  in  the  above  categories,  serval specific  techniques have sprung up which have bee

C, board coloring

board coloring

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd