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Theory of Light

Light or visible light is the portion of electromagnetic radiation which is visible to the human eye and responsible for the sense of sight. The wavelength and frequency range of visible light are

Wavelength range is from about 380 or 400 nm to about 760 or 780 nm,

Frequency range of about 405 THz to 790 THz.

In physics, the term light often comprises the adjacent radiation regions of infrared that is at lower frequencies and ultraviolet that is at higher frequencies, which is not visible to the human eye. The primary properties of light are Intensity, direction of propagation, frequency or wavelength, and polarization. Light is emitted and absorbed in tiny "packets" which are known as photons, which exhibit properties like waves as well as particles. And this property is well known as the wave–particle duality. Different physicists had attempted to find the speed of light throughout the history. However, now, it is known to all of us that the speed of light in a vacuum is defined to be exactly 299,792,458 m/s or approximately 186,282 miles per second. But for sake of simplicity we consider it to be 3*10⁸ m/s. The study of light and its interaction with matter, known as optics, is a very important research area in modern physics. The observation as well as study of optical phenomena like the aurora borealis and rainbows offer many clues as to the nature of light as well as much enjoyment. Now coming to the sources of light, there are many. The most common source is thermal source, where a body at a given temperature emits a characteristic spectrum of black-body radiation. For example sunlight: the radiation emitted by the chromospheres of the sun at approximately 6,000 Kelvin peaks in the visible region of the electromagnetic(EM) spectrum can be plotted in wavelength units and we can see that approximately 40% of sunlight is visible, incandescent light bulbs which emit around 10% of their energy only as visible light and the remainder as infrared, and glowing solid particles in flames etc. Light can be measured with two main alternative sets of units namely radiometry and photometry. Radiometry consists of measurements of light power at all wavelengths, whereas photometry measures light with wavelength weighted with respect to a standardized model of human brightness perception. So in general, photometry is useful, say for example, if you want to quantify Illumination or lighting intended for human use.

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