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Cells use transporters to move nearly all metabolites across membranes. But how much faster is a transporter than simple diffusion? There is sufficient information available for glucose transporters to make comparison. The normal circulating concentration of glucose in humans is 5 mM, whereas the intracellular concentration is usually very low (for this problem assume the internal concentration of glucose is 0 mM). At what rate (molecules/sec) would glucose diffuse into a cell if there were no transporter? The permeability coefficient of glucose is 3 x 10-8 cm/sec. Assume a cell is a sphere with a diameter of 20 um. The rate of diffusion equals the concentration difference multiplied by the permeability coefficient and the total surface area of the cell (Surface of of sphere = 4pieR2. Rememeber to convert everything to compatible units so that the rate is molecules/sec).
A. 1.1 X 106 molecules/sec
B. 2.1 X 106 molecules/sec
C. 1.1 X 107 molecules/sec
D. 2.1 x 105 molecules/sec
E. No glucose will be transported.
The wider orrcurence of glycolysis in nearly all organisms, both aerboic and anaerobic, indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways.
Logan is a geneticist studying a blood clotting gene, Factor VIII, that contains 186, 000 base pairs that code for amino acids plus 32,400 base pairs that are non-coding. How would he classify the noncoding regions?
Consider human subships with 4 children and assume that each birth is equally likely to result in a boy (B) or a girl (G)?
Some enzymes like papain have a very flat pH profile i.e. they have nearly the same activity over a very broad pH range. what might this flat pH profile suggest about the amino acids active site of the enzyme papain?
What are its symptoms, and how can it can be diagnosed? How can the infection or disease be prevented? What epidemiological and clinical impact does the disease or infection have?
The -10 and -35 sequences in bacterial promoters are separated by about two turns of the DNA double helix (remember genetics?). How do you think transcription would be affected if the deletion were introduced such that the -35 sequence was moved to -..
In human gut microbiome, it is proposed that the most inner layer of bacterial cells (most close to the epithelial cells) is composed of micro-aerobes.
Suppose that you did observations of Gram stained bacteria at TM 400x and TM 1000x. Which set of observations most closely matched the expected results for cell morphology.
The presence of nitrogen is what distinguishes amino acids from many of the other compounds found in intermediary metabolism,
Research global warming on Web and write the final report outlining the path for the U.S. to follow to address the issue of global warming. Include at least three proposals for the US to follow, plus use a minimum of three different websites or books..
How many different kind of bases found on Dna? How many amino acids are attached to a single transfer RNA?
Estimate the isoelectric point for the peptide: glu-asp-arg-asn-ser-asp-glu-his-lys-asp Discuss any assumptions made; exact numerical accuracy is not important - approximations may be used.
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