Financial leverage and profitability

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Reference no: EM134788

Question:   The relationship between financial leverage and profitability Pelican Paper, Inc., and Timberland Forest, Inc., are rivals in the manufacture of craft papers. Some financial statement values for each company for the most recent fiscal year are listed below. Use them in a ratio analysis that compares their financial leverage and profitability.

Pelican Paper, Inc.

Timberland Forest, Inc.

Total assets

$10,000,000

$10,000,000

Total equity

9,000,000

5,000,000

Total debt

1,000,000

5,000,000

Annual interest

100,000

500,000

Total sales

$25,000,000

$25,000,000

EBIT

6,250,000

6,250,000

Net income

3,690,000

3,450,000

a.   Calculate the following leverage and coverage ratios for the two companies. Discuss their financial risk and ability to cover the costs in relation to each other.

(1)           Debt ratio.

(2)           Times interest earned.

b.   Calculate the following profitability ratios for the two companies. Discuss their profitability relative to each other.

(1)           Operating margin.

(2)           Profit margin.

(3)           Return on assets.

(4)           Return on equity.

c.   In what way has the larger debt of Timberland Forest made it more profitable than Pelican Paper? What are the risks that Timberland's investors undertake when they choose to purchase its stock instead of Pelican's?

(Hennessey 159-160)

Hennessey, Lawrence J. Gitman and Sean M. Principles of Corporate Finance VitalSource eBook for Athabasca University. Pearson Learning Solutions. VitalBook file.

The citation provided is a guideline. Please check each citation for accuracy before use.

Question: Integrative-Complete ratio analysis Given the following financial statements, historical ratios, and industry averages, calculate the Sterling Company's financial ratios for the most recent year. Analyze its overall financial situation from both a cross-sectional and a time-series viewpoint. Break your analysis into an evaluation of the firm's liquidity, activity, leverage, and profitability. Use a common-size analysis for profitability. Use the DuPont system to analyze ROE. Comment on the company's financial strengths and weaknesses.

Income Statement Sterling Company for the year ended December 31, 2008

Sales revenue

 

$10,000,000

Less: Cost of goods sold

 

  7,500,000

Gross margin

mce_markernbsp;2,500,000

Less: Operating expenses

Selling expense

$300,000

General and administrative expenses

650,000

Lease expense

50,000

Amortization expense

 200,000

Total operating expense

  1,200,000

Operating earnings (EBIT)

mce_markernbsp;1,300,000

Less: Interest expense

    200,000

Earnings before taxes

 

mce_markernbsp;1,100,000

Less: Taxes (rate = 40%)

 

    440,000

Net income after taxes

 

mce_markernbsp;  660,000

Less: Preferred share dividends

 

     50,000

Earnings available for common shareholders

 

mce_markernbsp;  610,000

Earnings per share (EPS)

 

      $3.05

Balance Sheet Sterling Company December 31, 2008

Assets

Liabilities and shareholders' equity

Current assets

Current liabilities

 

 

Cash

 

mce_markernbsp;  200,000

 

Accounts payableb

mce_markernbsp;  900,000

 

Marketable securities

 

50,000

 

Line of credit

200,000

 

Accounts receivable

 

800,000

 

Accruals

   100,000

 

Inventories

 

    950,000

 

 

Total current liabilities

mce_markernbsp;1,200,000

 

 

Total current assets

 

mce_markernbsp;2,000,000

Long-term debt (includes financial leases)c

mce_markernbsp;3,000,000

Gross fixed assets (at cost)a

$12,000,000

 

Shareholders' equity

 

 

Less: Accumulated amortization

  3,000,000

 

 

Preferred shares (25,000 shares, $2 dividend)

mce_markernbsp;1,000,000

Net fixed assets

 

mce_markernbsp;9,000,000

 

Common shares (200,000 shares)d

5,800,000

Other assets

 

mce_markernbsp;1,000,000

 

Retained earnings

  1,000,000

Total assets

 

$12,000,000

 

 

Total shareholders' equity

mce_markernbsp;7,800,000

Total liabilities and shareholders' equity

$12,000,000

   aThe firm has an 8-year financial lease requiring annual beginning-of-year payments of $50,000. Five years of the lease have yet to run.

   bAnnual credit purchases of $6,200,000 were made during the year.

   cThe annual principal payment on the long-term debt is $100,000.

   dOn December 31, 2008, the firm's common shares closed at $27.50.

 

Historical and Industry Average Ratios for Sterling Company

Ratio

Actual 2006

Actual 2007

Industry average, 2008

Net working capital

$760,000

$720,000

$1,600,000

Current ratio

1.40

1.55

1.85

Quick ratio

1.00

.92

1.05

Average age of inventory

38.3 days

39.6 days

42.4 days

Average collection period

45.0 days

36.4 days

35.0 days

Average payment period

58.5 days

60.8 days

45.8 days

Total asset turnover

0.74

0.80

0.74

Debt ratio

20%

20%

30%

Costly debt ratio

10%

14%

23.9%

Debt/equity ratio

24.8%

25.2%

36.9%

Times interest earned ratio

8.2

7.3

8.0

Fixed-charge coverage ratio

4.5

4.2

4.2

Gross margin

28%

27%

27.5%

Operating margin

10%

12%

15.1%

Profit margin

7.2%

6.7%

8.9%

Reference no: EM134788

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