Toluene, methyl benzene or phenyl methane

         Toluene is the simplest homolouge of benzene. It was first found by dry distillation of tolubalsam and hence called toluene. It is usually called as tolual.

         Methods of preparation

         (i) From benzene [Friedel-craft's reaction] :  

•  Alkyl halide employed can undergo an isomeric change

•  Catalysts may be needed in place of anhydrous AlCl₃ are,

AlCl₃ > SbCl₃ > SnCl₄ > BF₃ > ZnCl₂ >  HgCl₂

         (ii) Wurtz fitting reaction:

         (iii) Decarboxylation :

         (iv) From cresol : 

         (v) From toluene sulphonic acid :

         (vi) From toluidine :

         (vii) From grignard reagent :

   (viii) Commercial preparation

         From coal tar : The main source of commercial production of toluene is the light oil fraction of coal-tar. The light oil fraction is refined with conc. H₂SO₄ to remove the bases, then with NaOH to remove acidic substances and lastly with water. It is related to fractional distillation. The vapours collected between 80 - 110⁰ C is 90% benzol which contains 70-80% benzene and 14-24% toluene. 90% benzol is again distilled and the portion distilling between  108 - 110⁰ C  is collected as toluene.

(ix) From n- heptane and methyl cyclohexane

Email based Chemistry assignment help - homework help at Expertsmind

Are you searching chemistry expert for help with Toluene, methyl benzene or phenyl methane questions?  Toluene, methyl benzene or phenyl methane topic is not easier to learn without external help?  We at www.expertsmind.com offer finest service of Chemistry assignment help and chemistry homework help. Live tutors are available for 24x7 hours helping students in their Toluene, methyl benzene or phenyl methane related problems. We provide step by step Toluene, methyl benzene or phenyl methane question's answers with 100% plagiarism free content. We prepare quality content and notes for Toluene, methyl benzene or phenyl methane topic under chemistry theory and study material. These are avail for subscribed users and they can get advantages anytime.

Why Expertsmind for assignment help

1. Higher degree holder and experienced experts network
2. Punctuality and responsibility of work
3. Quality solution with 100% plagiarism free answers
4. Time on Delivery
5. Privacy of information and details
6. Excellence in solving chemistry queries in excels and word format.
7. Best tutoring assistance 24x7 hours