Telecommunication Processors:
Telecommunication processors support data transmission and reception between the terminals and computers. Processors perform a variety of control and support functions in a telecommunication network. The functions of processors include converting data from digital to analog and back, coding and decoding of data, and controlling various activities like speed, accuracy, and efficiency of the communications flow between the computers and the terminals.
Examples of telecommunication processors are modems, multiplexers, and internetworked processors like switches, routers, and hubs. These processors perform a variety of support functions between the computers and other devices in a telecommunications network.
Modems
The word ‘modem' is derived from ‘modulation and demodulation. A modem is a device that converts digital signals from input/output devices into appropriate frequencies at a transmission terminal, and converts them back into digital signals at a receiving terminal.
Modems also support a variety of other functions, such as transmission error control, automatic dialing and faxing, etc. Ordinary telephone networks handle continuous analog signals, but since the data from computers is in the digital form, modems are necessary to convert digital signals into appropriate analog transmission frequencies and vice versa.
Multiplexers
A multiplexer is a communication processor that enables a single communication channel to carry out simultaneous data transmissions from numerous terminals. It combines or merges the transmission signals that are received from various terminals at one end of the communications channel. A similar unit called a demultiplexer then separates the individual transmissions at the receiving end. Thus, several terminals can share a single communication line. Multiplexing is done in several ways. In frequency division multiplexing, a high-speed channel is divided into multiple slow-speed channels. In time division multiplexing, the multiplexer divides the time during which each terminal can use the high-speed line into very short time slots or time frames. The advanced statistical time division multiplexer allocates time slots only to active terminals according to the priorities set by a telecommunications manager.
Internetworked processors
We discussed the various devices that constitute the network infrastructure like switches, hubs, routers, etc. The efficiency and reliability of an internetwork depends on the network infrastructure. An internetwork is a collection of interconnected networks. These network processors connect two or more dissimilar telecommunication networks into an internetwork using specialized processors called internetworked processors. Switches, routers, and hubs are the various internetworked processors.
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