Internet:
One of the most frequently asked questions about the Internet is: Who runs it? The fact is that no centralized management of the Internet exists. The Internet is a collection of millions of individual networks and organizations. There is an understanding among the networks on directing Internet traffic so that information can be shared among them. For networks and computers to cooperate in such a manner, a general agreement about Internet procedures and standards for protocols exists.
The evolution of the Internet was a result of an experiment by the US Department of Defense in the 1960s. The Department wanted to create a computer network that would continue to function even in the event of a disaster. It was intended to be flexible so that if a part of the network was damaged or destroyed, the rest of the system would still work. The network developed by the department was called ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network), and it inter-linked scientific and academic researchers in the US. This network is considered to be the forerunner of today's Internet.
In 1985, the US National Science Foundation (NSF) created NSFNET, an organization comprising a series of networks for research and education related communication. Based on ARPANET protocols, the NSFNET created a national backbone service that provided free service to all research and educational institutions in the US. NSF also coordinated another service called InterNIC, a body that registered new domain addresses with extensions like .com, .org, .edu, etc., on the Internet. Initially, the basic purpose of the Internet was to help researchers and scientists gather scientific and defense related information. The Internet has become a vital part of our lives now. We use it for various purposes such as sending and receiving mails, searching for information and entertainment, etc.
Today, there are billions of websites carrying terabytes of information, which can be accessed at the click of a mouse. In this context, one of the biggest problems is the slow speed of access. People log on to the Internet using telephone lines that have low data carrying capacity (technically referred to as low bandwidth). New technologies are therefore addressing this problem. Fiber-optic cables connections, for example, provide much faster access to the Internet than telephone lines.
With the advent of e-commerce or electronic commerce (discussed later), monetary transactions can be done online, without the help of physical currency. Experts studying trends in technology have already gone to the extent of predicting the existence of a society without physical currency. In such a situation, all a person actually will have to do when making a purchase is transfer the currency from his digital wallet to someone else's.
Another widely used aspect of the Internet is databases. Analysts regard today's databases as being obsolete and foresee the development of more complex databases in future. Experts have predicted that the day is not far off when practically any information about anything or anybody will be available on the Internet.
The World Wide Web
The World Wide Web (WWW) is the most popular service on the Internet. The terms WWW and the Internet are synonymously used. However, both the terms differ in meaning as well as in application. While the Internet is a network that links computers, the WWW incorporates the services on the Internet. The Internet does not contain any information. It is used as a means for sharing information stored in one computer to another. The WWW provides various services like retrieval of documents, viewing of images, viewing programs, animation, video, audio, etc.
The World Wide Web (WWW) is a system for organizing and linking Internet files, resources, and services, and providing access to them. The WWW is a point and click access and a hypertext (or hypermedia) based system. The point-and-click access is enabled by the underlying hypertext (or hypermedia) approach. Hypertext refers to on-screen documents in which cross-references are embedded within the documents. This enables a user to move from one place in a document to another in a non-sequential manner. The hypermedia links connect to visuals such as graphics, audio, and text. The web supports hypermedia navigation and allows multimedia documents to be stored in a web server. Thus, the web facility on the Internet is made up of a collection of servers and clients that can exchange information in various forms.
The WWW is an Internet-based navigation system, and information distribution and management system with a tremendous potential for online commerce. The applications of WWW range from education, entertainment, and government to trade and commerce. The WWW is widely used for conducting e-commerce. Company websites containing information on various products are placed on the WWW. A user can view the products, review the products offered by a particular company, and compare them with the products offered by other players and/or competitors. If the user decides to purchase a product online, payment can be made either through an electronic transaction or through some other method preferred by the user like credit cards, debit cards, etc.
The WWW and the Internet have, in fact, increased the acceptance of e-commerce. Although the total value of goods and services traded using the electronic media is relatively insignificant today, it is expected to increase significantly in the near future.
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