Thermodynamics Zeroeth Law
If two bodies A and B are in thermal equilibrium then B and C are also in thermal equilibrium
| Thermometer |
Principle |
Temperature range |
| Mercury Thermometer |
Linear expansion |
-35°C to + 5000°C |
| Constant Pressure gas Thermometer |
?V ∝ ?T |
0 K to 500 K |
| Constant Volume gas Thermometer |
?P ∝ ?T |
0 K to 500L |
| Platinum Resistance Thermometer |
?R ∝ ?T |
500 K to 2300 K |
| Thermocouple Thermometer |
emfε = ∝Y + βT2 |
500K to 2300 K |
| pyrometer |
Radiation theory |
> 2000 K |
In mercury thermometer
?T = ?I / I0α
Is the formula employed, α is linear expansion coefficient.
In constant pressure gas thermometer
?T = ?V / V0γ = ?V x 273 / V0
γ = 1 / 273 for ideal gases.
In constant volume gas thermometer
?T = ?P / P triple point γ = 273 ?P / P triple point
In platinum resistance thermometer
?T = ?R/Rα
Α is thermal coefficient of resistance.
In thermocouple thermometer scale is nonlinear, temperature is either matched with a standard curve supplied by the manufacturer or a digital display is provided. a, and β depend upon the materials used to form thermocouple.
emf ε = [(αT + βT2 )/ 2]
Pyrometer used Stefan’s law
Intensity E = σT4
Relation between different temperature scales
C / 100 = [(F – 32) / 180] = R / 80 = Ra – (460 / 212)
C ----> 0°C (degree celcius)
F -----> °F (degree Fahrenheit)
R -----> Reaumer
Ra -----> Rankine
Triple point of water 273.16 K or 0.16°C
K = 0
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