Correlation and Types of Correlation Assignment Help

Statistics - Correlation and Types of Correlation

Statistics >> Correlation and Types of Correlation

In a bivariate distribution, we may be interested to know if there is any relationship between the variables under consideration. Two variables are said to be correlated if with a change in the value of one variable there corresponds a change in the value of the other variable. Correlation is a statistical technique which measures and analyses the degree to which two variable vary with reference to each other. On the other hand if a change in the value of one variable does not bring any change in the value of the other variable the two variables are said to be un correlated i.e., having no relation with each other e.g., price of commodities and height of individuals etc.

When correlation is studied between two variables, it is called simple correlation when there are three or more variables and we study the combined effect of two or more variables upon a variable not included in that group, our study is of multiple correlation. If, however, we wish to examine the effect of one variable upon a second, after eliminating 'he effects of other variables, our problem is that of partial correlation. 

Types of correlation

On the basis of nature of relationship between two variables, correlation may be

1.      Positive Correlation

If increase (or decrease) in one variable results a corresponding increase (or decrease) in the other variable ie., two variables move in the same direction, variables are said to be positively correlated e.g., height; and weights of children, price and supply of a set of commodities etc., income and expenditure of a group of families etc.

2.     Negative Correlation

If increase (or decrease) in one variable results a corresponding decrease (or increase) in the other variable ie., two variables deviate in the opposite direction, variables are said to be negatively correlated e.g, price and demand of a set of commodities, speed and time etc. - .

3.      Perfect Positive Correlation

When changes in two related variables are exactly proportional there is perfect correlation between them.

If increase (or decrease) in one variable results a corresponding and proportional increase (or decrease) in the other variable, variables are said to be perfect positively correlated e.g. Correlation between radius and circumference of a circle, temperature and volume etc.

4.      Perfect Negative Correlation

If increase (or decrease) in one variable results a corresponding and proportional decrease (or increase) in the other variable, variables are said to be perfect negatively correlated: e.g., pressure and volume etc.

5.      Zero Correlation

If the change in one variable does not result any change in the other variable, variables are said to be uncorrelated or independent or having zero correlation e.g. price of commodities and weight of individuals etc. 


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