Button Cells Assignment Help

Electrostatics - Button Cells

Button Cells

Button cells are the tiny dry cells which are available in several firms. Each type of button cell has special characteristics making it suitable only for certain applications. Example of button cells are (i) mercury cells (ii) silver oxide cells (iii) lithium cell (iv) alkaline cells. The main parts are as follows 

(1) A si an anode can which is the cell top acting as one electrode of cell. It is filled with anode material usually a metal and electrolyte mixture.

(2) C is cathode can which is the bottom if the cell acting as another electrode of cell. It is filled with cathode material/electrolyte mixture.

(3) B is a separator made of porous material and electrolyte separating the anode and cathode.

(4) D is an ind\isolator gasket which provides proper insulations between anode can and cathode can.

(a) Mercury cells these have been used as watch batteries for almost 50 years. The main parties of mercury cells are as follows.

(1) Anode can is a cell top acting as one electrode. It is filled with anode material which is powdered zine plus electrolyte gel. 

(2) Cathode can is the bottom of cell acting as another electrode it is filled with cathode material which is mercuric oxide and graphite.

(3) Absorber esparto or is of fabric and electrolyte.

(4) Nylon seal is an insulator between anode can and cathode can.

The of mercury cell is 1.36 volt. Its voltage remains constant for quite long of its useful life. It has a long shelf life which is up to 3 years.

Mercury cells are used in all those applications where we require small constant voltage cells watches hearing aids portable scientific instruments etc.

As mercury cell contains mercury which in certain forms is highly toxic to humans and animals so these cells are discarded and are not in use.

(b) Silver oxide cells these cells are ideal successor to mercury cells its construction is similar to that of mercury cell except that the cathode is of silver oxide and graphite in cathode can.

The of the cell is volt. These cells have higher capacity than the mercury cells for a given size. This cell supplies constant voltage over its useful life. These cells do not contain any harmful chemical to the environment hence widely used in place of mercury cells.

(c) Lithium cells. Lithium cells are oftenly celled coin cells due to their shape. The main parts of these cells are as follows 

(1) Anode can is the cell top acting as one electrode of cell it is filled with anode material which is lithium plus electrolyte.

(2) Cathode can is the bottom of cell acting as another electrode of cell it is filled with cathode material which is manganese dioxide plus electrolyte.

(3) Separator is made of porous material and electrolyte separating the anode and cathode.

(4) Nylon seal is an insulator between anode can and cathode can.

The of this cell is 3.0 volt. Its voltage remains constant over most if its useful life. It has a long shelf life up to 10 years.

Lithium cells are very suitable where we require low current or intermittent current these cells are used in quartz watches.

(d) Alkaline cells: These cells are much cheaper than lithium cells. The construction of these cells is the similar to lithium cells. The only difference is of anode which id of zine plus electrolyte gel.

The of this cell is 1.5 volt. These cells are very cheap and environmentally safe. These cells cannot supply constant voltage for long time.

These cells have relatively short shelf life but having large stored energy capacity than those of carbon-zinc cells. 

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