Why status can be viewed as an ordinal variable

Assignment Help Basic Computer Science

Reference no: EM131241203

Refer to the death penalty data with a binary interpretation of the response for presence or absence of death penalty (see Exercises 10 and 13). Consider a model consisting of the variables LEGAL, HDI, and GNI. Assess the model fit and identify any concerns.

Exercises 13

Refer to the death penalty data given in Exercise 10. Identify which variables are related to the binary response "Allows Death Penalty" (STATUS is a, b, or c) versus "No Death Penalty" (STATUS is d). Form a model and use the model to estimate the probabilities that the United States and Canada would allow the death penalty.

Exercise 10

A criminologist studying capital punishment was interested in identifying whether certain social, economic, and political attributes of a country related to its use of the death penalty. She gathered data from public sources on 194 countries, recording the following variables:

• COUNTRY: The name of the country;

• STATUS: The country's laws on death penalties, coded as a = Public executions; b = Private executions; c = Executions allowed but none carried out in last 10 years; d = No death penalty;

• LEGAL: The basis for the country's legal system, coded as a = Islamic; b = Civil; c = Common; d = Civil/Common; e = Socialist; f = Other;

• HDI: Human Development Index, a numerical measure ranging from 0 (very low human development) to 1 (very high human development);

• GINI: GINI Index of income inequality, a numerical measure ranging from 0 (perfect equality) to 1 (perfect inequality);

• GNI: Gross National Income per capita (US$);

• LITERACY: Literacy rate (% of adults aged 15 and above who are literate);

• URBAN: Percentage of total population living in urban areas;

• POL: Political Instability Index for the level of threat posed to governments by social protest, a numerical measure ranging from 0 (no risk) to 10 (high risk);

• CONFLICT: Level of conflict experienced in the country, coded as a = No conflict, b = latent (non-violent) conflict, c = manifest conflict, d = crisis, e = severe crisis, f = war.

The data for the 141 countries with complete records are available in the DeathPenalty.csv file.11 The response variable is the country's death penalty status, while all other variables except COUNTRY are explanatory.

(a) Fit a multinomial (nominal response) regression model to these data using all available explanatory variables as linear terms. Compute the AIC and the BIC for this model. Also compute AICc by using the formula on page 267. Note that the model degrees of freedom that are needed for computing AICc can be found from the extractAIC() function.

(b) Explain why STATUS can be viewed as an ordinal variable.

(c) Fit a proportional odds regression model (see Section 3.4) to these data using all available explanatory variables. Compute AIC, BIC, and AICc as in the multinomial regression model.

(d) Note that the proportional odds model assumes both the ordinality of the response and equal coefficients across different logits. Based on the information criteria, is there evidence to suggest that these assumptions lead to a poor model fit? Explain.

Reference no: EM131241203

Questions Cloud

What is the advantage of lmm over hjm : What is the advantage of LMM over HJM? - Provide an intuitive explanation of why a ratchet cap increases in value as the number of factors increase.

Estimate the gi odds ratio for a 1-unit difference in scores : Estimate the GI odds ratio for a 1-unit difference in scores. Interpret what this measures and find the Wald confidence interval for the estimate.

Tangential speed of the satellite : A man-made satellite orbits the earth in a circular orbit that has a radius of 10000 km. The mass of the Earth is 5.97e+24 kg. What is the tangential speed of the satellite?

Why sticky cap is more expensive than a similar ratchet cap : Explain why a sticky cap is more expensive than a similar ratchet cap. - Explain why IOs and POs have opposite sensitivities to the rate of prepayments.

Why status can be viewed as an ordinal variable : The country's laws on death penalties, coded as a = Public executions; b = Private executions; c = Executions allowed but none carried out in last 10 years; d = No death penalty;

Retailer should charge customers so as to maximize profit : Consider a monopolist (call them the manufacturer) who produces SOMA. SOMA is bought by another monopolist (call them the retailer) who turns SOMA into AMOS for sale to customers. Let c be the price per unit that the manufacturer charges the retaile..

Estimate the volatility of a 1 year forward rate : Estimate the volatility of a 1-year forward rate in the LIBOR Market Model when the time to maturity is (a) 0 to 1 year, (b) 1 to 2 years, (c) 2 to 3 years, and (d) 3 to 5 years.

What are the main claims of the paper : What are the main claims of the paper? What is the reasoning for each main claim? What evidence is provided? What did you get from the paper?

What is the wind speed and direction : A pilot wants to fly 800 km due north. He can fly 500 km/hr in still air. He finds he has to head his plane 20° E of N to reach his destination and the trip takes him two hours. What is the wind speed and direction?

User Account

All Pages