What are some of the problems encountered in trying to test

Assignment Help Other Subject
Reference no: EM131217212

Discussion 1

What are two ways in which our "biology" may influence the types of experiences we have? Provide examples of these two ways using current research.

Read the full text of at least one peer reviewed/refereed journal article published within the past few years on the discussion question topics. Include at least one article in both of your discussion responses.

Discussion 2

What are some of the problems encountered in trying to test a nervous-system-based theory of temperament?

Read the full text of at least one peer reviewed/refereed journal article published within the past few years on the discussion question topics. Include at least one article in both of your discussion responses.

Discussion 3

Take one element of the theories or ideas presented this week and apply it to a real person - for example, someone from current events, politics, business, sports, the entertainment field. Define the terms you're using, and apply them to an aspect of this person's life (a specific action, behavior, or decision, for example). How can we understand this person more fully by using this concept to understand him/her?

Please keep this discussion professional remembering that our goal is understanding, never condemning or ridiculing.

Read the full text of at least one peer reviewed/refereed journal article published within the past few years on the discussion question topics. Include at least one article in both of your discussion responses.

Study Notes

CHAPTER : BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS

This chapter is unique in providing a comprehensive overview of biological influences on personality, but it is written in a way that is tied to other approaches and is easily understandable by students. For example, this chapter does not get into esoteric disputes from biology and genetics, but rather keeps the focus on personality. It can easily be integrated into courses that have not previously included a chapter on this topic. With the ‘unravelling' of the human genome in the year 2000, and the development of the field of behavioral genomics, it is increasingly important for students to understand biological aspects of personality.

Evolutionary effects and genetic abnormalities are of course important, but many biological influences are not genetic! For example, environmental toxins, physical disease, and biologically-based creations of environments and expectations are important biological influences on personality. This is too often ignored. This chapter challenges students to think for themselves about the role of biology, and re-evaluate common stereotypes. Importantly this chapter concludes with warnings about the political dangers of a simple-minded approach to biology and personality.

Possible Lecture Outline

I. Direct genetic effects

A. Through process of natural selection certain adaptive or functional characteristics have been reinforced

1. These characteristics include behavioral tendencies and emotions- "personality"

B. Example of Angelman syndrome as a "personality" directly caused by genetic abnormality

C. Behavioral genomics is a new area of study that examines relations between genes and behaviors

II, Effects through temperament (activity, emotionality, sociability, aggression/impulsivity)

A. Eysenck's theory links the introversion-extroversion dimension to the underlying nervous system

1. posits introverts have a higher level of internal arousal and thus seek out less external stimulation (and vice versa)

B, Jeffrey Gray and his colleagues suggest that two biological systems, the behavioral inhibition system and the biological activation system influence our preferences for different types of stimulation

1. the behavioral inhibition system guides our tendency to avoid potentially punishing situations while our biological activation system regulates our response to rewards

C. Zuckerman's theory posits that those high on "sensation seeking" are driven by a low level of internal arousal; sensation seekers are drawn to novel and exciting experiences

1. sensation seekers may have a low level of natural (internal biological)
activation and so seek arousal from the environment

2. it is likely that some people have natural defects or disease-caused weaknesses in their dopamine systems, and such people may even be susceptible to addiction

3. the neurotransmitter serotonin also seems i-elated to impulsivity
U Studies of twins reared in different environments have demonstrated impressive similarities between those with the same genetic make-up

1. Still unclear how much of the similarity is genetically pre-programmed and how much is due to similarities in their separate environments, etc.

2. Twins and siblings do not necessarily experience the same rearing environments

a. Nonshared environmental variance are those features of the environment that children experience differently

3. Twin studies have helped to show that schizophrenia is genetically linked, but it's clear that it's not simply a genetic disease

a. structural abnormalities have been found in the brains of schizophrenics

b. concordance between identical twins is far from perfect

4. Twin studies have also shown that homosexuality is linked to genetics a. again genes do not tell the whole story

b. structural differences have also been found between the brains of homosexual as compared to heterosexual men

c. how might homosexuality be addressed from an evolutionary point of view? Perhaps through "kin selection" or some other yet-to-be-discovered process

Ill. Effects through environmental toxins and physical illness

A. Toxins/drugs

1. "Mad as a hatter" derived from brain damage hatters suffered when exposed to mercury in hat-making factories
2. Lead poisoning and cognitive/behavioral deficits in children
3. Manganese miners and fighting behavior
4. Personality changes associated with illegal or prescription drugs

B. Disease

1. Van Gogh and the possibility of Meniere's disease

2. Personality changes as a result of Alzheimer's disease

3. Picks disease is an example of dramatic change in a patient's sense of self, long before total incapacity

4. Personality changes following stroke or CABG.

Reference no: EM131217212

Questions Cloud

Indifference curves between the two exams : If your course grade in ECN 311 was determined based on one midterm exam and one final exam, where the final exam is weighted twice as heavily as the midterm, what would your indifference curves between the two exams look like?
Determine the transfer function and draw the block diagram : Figure 2.27 shows a simple mechanical system consisting of a mass, spring and damper. Derive a mathematical model for the system, determine the transfer function, and draw the block diagram
How foreign aid received by sierra leone has been effective : Sierra Leone: Do some research on the country and elaborate as how the foreign aid received by Sierra Leone has been effective in developing the country both in times of war and peace. APA 6 formatting.
Addressing all the requirements of negotiability : Determine whether the following instrument is a negotiable instrument, addressing all the requirements of negotiability in your response. I, James Wyatt, promise to pay $12,000 to Buck’s Bikes in four equal installments of principal, beginning on Jan..
What are some of the problems encountered in trying to test : What are two ways in which our "biology" may influence the types of experiences we have? Provide examples of these two ways using current research. What are some of the problems encountered in trying to test a nervous-system-based theory of tempera..
Reflect your experience of watching both given videos : What your reactions were and what you learned from the TED Talk, and how it was for you to do the yogic breathing exercises.
Explain each stage of organizational development : Explain each stage of organizational development. Provide a brief example of each stage in a real world setting. This example could be a real world or hypothetical example.
Describes how you would reform the current law and why : Assignment topic -TABL5541. Critically analyses the statement that "our current insolvency laws put too much focus on penalising and stigmatising the failures"; and Describes in detail how you would reform the current law and why
How data be used to impact airline passengers experiences : How could these data be used to impact airline passengers' experiences? Consider areas such as ticket purchasing, cost, safety, customer service, or any other area that may come to mind.

Reviews

Write a Review

 

Other Subject Questions & Answers

  Effect of training program on demonstrate emphaty

Bill is planning the effect of training program on demonstrate emphaty. He is unsure whether to independently assign participants to groups or match participants. Based on your knowledge of research design m which of following advice might you giv..

  Patients seeking treatment

The vast majority of patients seeking treatment for an eating disorder do not meet full DSM criteria. What are the implications for diagnosis and treatment of eating disorders?

  Labor-management dispute in industry

What is the probability that a labor-management dispute in this industry will be resolved without a strike?

  Selling price-unit variable cost-unit percent revenue

Southwestern University (SWU), located 30 miles southwest of the Dallas/Fort Worth metroplex, has witnessed tremendous growth in its football program. With that growth, fueled by the hiring of legendary coach Bo Pitterno, has come more fame, the need..

  What happened to mussolinis alliance with hitler

When it became clear that Hitler was headed down the wrong road, Mussolini tried to change his colors again and support the Allies.- What happened to Mussolini's alliance with Hitler at that point?

  Evidence of ability to clearly articulate-apply knowledge

Write a report based on your findings that includes the seven elements listed below. There is no page number minimum for Report Module assignments. They are graded for thoroughness, evidence of ability to clearly articulate and apply knowledge lea..

  Understanding of the concepts of sustainable tourism

Answer the following questions based on your interpretation and analysis of these sources: What is your understanding of the concepts of 'sustainable tourism'? What is your understanding of the concept of 'sustainable mass tourism

  Describe darwins theory of inheritance asblending theory

What does it mean to describe Darwin's theory of inheritance asblending theory? What is the difference between saying thatsuccessive paradigms are incompatible and saying that they areincommensurable?

  Describe further why english claims that grown children

for most of us our families are very important. although they can cause discomfort anguish and pain they often infuse

  Explain the theory of plate tectonics

Explain the theory of plate tectonics. Describe the main movement within the plate tectonics theory that shaped the form and composition of your selected region. Also help with regional features such as mountains, rivers, lakes, oceans, and desert..

  People right to rebel against any government

What would you say to the claim that "one man's terrorist is another's freedom fighter" Provide examples from current violent acts and wars around the world to prove your point. Do you think a thoughtful definition of "terrorism" would make this ..

  Describe the goal as target behaviors

Select a goal-something you would like to change about yourself. Perhaps you would like to stop smoking, control drinking, improve study habits, manage time better, or change eating or exercise habits. It is critical that your goal be measurable, ..

Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd