Level of moral development according to lawrence kohlberg

Assignment Help Business Law and Ethics

Reference no: EM13770521

1. Who was the moral philosopher who wrote The Theory of Moral Sentiments as well as The Wealth of Nations?

a. John Locke

b. John Wesley

c. David Hume

d. Adam Smith

2. Special ethics applies to which of the following?

a. It analyzes hidden presuppositions and brings them to light for critical scrutiny

b. It consists of applying general ethics to particular problems.

c. It analyzes societal practices and their application to particular problems.

d. It consists of studying and describing the morality of a people, culture, or society.

3. Who was the philosopher that condemned usury?

a. Thomas Aquinas

b. Reinhold Niebuhr

c. Adam Smith

d. Immanuel Kant

4. Which of the following describes metaethics?

a. It compares and contrasts different ethical systems, codes, practices, and beliefs.

b. It attempts to form into a related whole the various norms, rules, and values of a society's morality.

c. It attempts to justify the basic principle of morality.

d. It analyzes hidden presuppositions and brings them to light for critical scrutiny

5. Which of the following is the art of solving difficult problems, cases, or deliberations through

the careful application of moral principles?

a. special effects

b. normative ethics

c. metaethics

d. casuistry

6. A(n) ____________ is a problem, situation, or opportunity requiring an individual, group, or organization to choose among several actions that must be evaluated as right or wrong.

a. ethical issue

b. crisis

c. indictment

d. fraud

7. What is the first level of moral development according to Lawrence Kohlberg?

a. Conventional

b. Preconventional

c. Autonomous

d. Postconventional

8. What does it mean for an action to be subjectively right?

a. An action is subjectively right if it is in conformity with the moral law.

b. An action is subjectively right if a person believes that the action is moral.

c. An action is subjectively right if it promotes the greater good.

d. An action is subjectively right if it advances one's own self-interest.

9. What does it mean for an action to be objectively right?

a. An action is objectively right if a person believes that the action is moral.

b. An action is objectively right if it is in conformity with the moral law.

c. An action is objectively right if it advances one's own self-interest.

d. An action is objectively right if it promotes the greater good.

10. What is the name given to philosophers who attempt to use only one ethical approach to

ethical questions?

a. ethical pluralists.

b. utilitarians

c. deontologists

d. ethical monists.

11. What is the name given to philosophers who construct their ethical approaches with mixed

approaches?

a. ethical pluralists.

b. utilitarians

c. ethical monists.

d. deontologists

12. Which level in Kohlberg's is the least attained?

a. first level

b. third level

c. second level

d. fourth level

13. Consequentialism belongs to which sort of ethical approach?

a. deontological

b. special

c. theological

d. teleological

14. The ethical approach that maintains that what has to be calculated is not pleasure or

happiness but all intrinsically valuable human goods, which include friendship, knowledge,

and a host of other goods valuable in themselves

a. ideal utilitarianism

b. hedonistic utilitarianism

c. eudaimonistic utilitarianism

d. all of these

15. Which of the following is NOT a step to be taken in a utilitarian analysis?

a. Identify all those who are directly and indirectly affected by the action.

b. Consider, imaginatively, whether there are various alternatives other than simply doing or not doing the action, and carry out a similar analysis for each of the other alternative actions.

c. Specify only the good consequences of the action for those directly affected.

d. Carry out a similar analysis, if necessary, for those indirectly affected, as well as for society as a whole.

16. Which of the following was a hedonistic utilitarian that argued that we should consider intensity, duration, certainty, propinquity, and fecundity when performing an analysis?

a. John Stuart Mill

b. Jeremy Bentham

c. Immanuel Kant

d. John Rawls

17. When faced with the temptation to break a contract, we are always concerned with a particular contract in a particular set of circumstances. To determine the morality of the action, we should calculate the effects of breaking this particular contract. Which sort of utilitarianism is represented here?

a. Rule-utilitarianism

b. Deontological-utilitarianism

c. Theological-utilitarianism

d. Act-utilitarianism

18. Which of the following common business practices is roughly analogous to the utility calculus?

a. Cost-benefit analysis

b. Marketing research

c. Public relations

d. System analysis

19. The Myth of Amoral Business is consistent with which of the following?

a. Business and people in business are immoral.

b. Businesses and people in business are not explicitly concerned with ethics.

c. Businesses and people in business are inherently ethical.

d. Businesses and people in business are unethical.

20. For someone in the Kantian tradition, to be moral is the same as being which of the

following?

a. Emotional

b. Free

c. Rational

d. Obedient

21. Which of the following is a formalistic ethical approach?

a. The moral law specifies precisely what the right actions must contain.

b. The moral law contains both formal elements and content for moral actions.

c. The moral law does not state what content an action must have to be a right action.

d. The moral law contains only the content of the action that is right.

22. Which of the following is NOT a condition for an action to be considered a moral action?

a. It must take into consideration the particular circumstances.

b. It must be amenable to being made consistently universal.

c. It must respect rational beings as ends in themselves.

d. It must stem from, and respect, the autonomy of rational beings

23. According to Kant, all people should be treated in which of the following ways?

a. As a means, if the end is desired

b. As an end in themselves

c. As a means to an end

d. As an end as long as the means are considered

24. According to Kant, the first form of the Categorical Imperative is which of the following?

a. Act so that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in that of another, always as an end and never as a means only.

b. Act only in that way that you would want another to act toward you.

c. Act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law

d. Act only so that the will through its maxims could regard itself at the same time as

universally lawgiving.

25. According to Kant, the second form of the Categorical Imperative is which of the following?

a. Act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law.

b. Act only in that way that you would want another to act toward you.

c. Act so that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in that of another, always as an end and never as a means only.

d. Act only so that the will through its maxims could regard itself at the same time as universally lawgiving.

26. Which of the following is NOT captured by the notion of autonomy?

a. Freedom

b. The universal acceptability of the moral law

c. The self-imposition of the law

d. The external imposition of the law

27. According to Kant, the third form of the Categorical Imperative is which of the following?

a. Act so that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in that of another, always as an end and never as a means only.

b. Act only in that way that you would want another to act toward you.

c. Act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law.

d. Act only so that the will through its maxims could regard itself at the same time as

universally lawgiving.

28. Which of the following are strictly legal rights?

a. Civil rights

b. Positive rights

c. Negative rights

d. Special rights

29. Which of the following rights involves the punishment due a law-breaker or evildoer?

a. Distributive justice

b. Commulative justice

c. Retributive justice

d. Procedural justice

30. Sound judgment involves all except which of the following?

a. Moral luck

b. Experience

c. A well-developed moral sense

d. Careful deliberation

31. Which of the following is the highest virtue for Aristotle?

a. Justice

b. Courage

c. Wisdom

d. Generosity

32. Which of the following would be the conclusion a virtue ethicist might make of one who reacts to strong temptation by frequently giving in to it?

a. The person has an excellent character.

b. The person has a weak character.

c. The person has a strong character.

d. The person has an immoral character.

33. Which of the following would be the conclusion a virtue ethicist might make of one who reacts to strong temptation by habitually giving in to it?

a. The person has an excellent character.

b. The person has an immoral character.

c. The person has a strong character.

d. The person has a weak character.

34. Which of the following would be the conclusion a virtue ethicist might make of one who reacts to strong temptation by habitually resisting?

a. The person has an immoral character.

b. The person has a weak character.

c. The person has a morally good character.

d. The person has great moral luck.

35. Which of the following is a good definition of the virtues?

a. The virtues are characterized by the habit of going along with the majority.

b. The virtues are skills of discerning the rules and obeying them.

c. The virtues are skills of excellence in the art of living in society with others.

d. The virtues are characterized by emphasizing the ends over the means.

36. Which of the following describes a moral ideal?

a. A pleasure or happiness

b. A goal toward which we can strive

c A disposition

d. A talent or ability

37. Which of the following is necessary for sound moral action on a virtue view?

a. Moral luck

b. An attention paid to the means

c. Strong emotional commitments

d. Sound moral judgment

38. All actions by nations or companies involves, first and foremost, which of the following?

a. Actions by corporate entities

b. Actions by legislative bodies

c. Actions by individuals

d. Actions by nation states

39. For a virtue ethicist, which of the following would be why bribery would be considered wrong?

a. It is contrary to developing good character.

b. It is not universalizable.

c. It treats peoples as means to an end.

d. It does not bring about the greatest good.

40. Which of the following is not meant by being "morally responsible" for an action?

a. I performed the action.

b. I did not perform the action.

c. I performed the action knowingly.

d. I performed the action willingly.

41. Which of the following is an excusing condition that has to do with having only one possible action that I can perform?

a. Lack of control

b. External coercion

c. The absence of alternatives

d. Internal coercion

42. If I fainted and in the process of fainting, knocked over a lamp, which started a fire, which sort of excusing condition would limit my moral responsibility for the fire?

a. Internal coercion

b. External coercion

c. The absence of alternatives

d. Lack of control

43. On the view of this sort of capitalism, the function of government is to preserve the peace and to adjudicate disputes among those engaged in business transactions.

a. State capitalism

b. Socialism

c Totalitarianism

d Laissez-faire capitalism

44. Which of the following economic systems did not exist prior to the industrial revolution?

a. Feudalism

b. Totalitarianism

c. Capitalism

d. Democracy

45. Socialism is commonly, and erroneously, often confused with which of the following?

a. Communism

b. Capitalism

c. Feudalism

d. None of the above.

46. Antitrust legislation is an example of which of the following?

a. Control of economic cycles

b. Correction of unfair tendencies and of market failures

c. Development of a welfare safety net

d. Taxation

47. The restriction of multinationals from lobbying against reforms or laws that protect workers or consumers is an expression of which norm?

a. Respect the laws of a host country.

b. Do no intentional direct harm.

c. Respect the human rights of workers.

d. Promote the development of just background institutions internally.

48. Which of the following is the general obligation derived from the system of free enterprise that holds that parties must be able to count on the actions of other agents with whom they interact?

a. The obligation to do no harm

b. The obligation to live up to the contracts into which one enters freely

c. The obligation to be fair in the transactions in which it engages

d. The obligation not to undermine the freedom and values of the system

49. Which of the following is not true about the moral responsibilities of management?

a. Management is responsible to the workers.

b. Management is responsible to the board.

c. Management is responsible to maximize profits.

d. Management is responsible to the shareholders.

50. Which of the following was a result of the Enron failure?

a. The Rescue Bill

b. The Employee Compensation Act

c. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act

d. The Corporate Democracy Act

Reference no: EM13770521

Questions Cloud

Define the sherman act and the clayton act : Summarize the following acts: sections 1 and 2 of the Sherman Act; the Clayton Act and the relationship to mergers; and the Robinson-Patman Act on price discrimination

Write review of educationa and gender aspect of your culture : review the Educationa and Gender aspects of your own culture. Be sure to review the relevant sections of the textbook for each topic. Once you've made your selection, please delete all other options.

Develop a virtualization adoption plan : Develop a virtualization adoption plan applicable to the scenario by doing the following- Explain how the benefits of virtualization would impact the city of Seabreeze.

Challenges that united states-based companies would face : What are some of the challenges that United States-based companies would face when conducting business internationally? Provide at least 2 example

Level of moral development according to lawrence kohlberg : Who was the moral philosopher who wrote The Theory of Moral Sentiments as well as The Wealth of Nations - What is the first level of moral development according to Lawrence Kohlberg?

Sales presentation for the business : "Design a short sales presentation for the business you defined for your franchise opportunity analysis. This should be no more than four slides."

Outline a financial plan for your small business : Referring to the same business you either started or purchased in the first assignment, write a 6-8 page paper in which you: Outline a financial plan for your small business.

Research cases of lawsuits related to water damage : Research cases of lawsuits related to water damage on a building project due to leaks, Who were the related parties - owner, architect, contractor , sub, other

Maintaining terrestrial and atmospheric resources : As Newly elected Mayor of Sparksville, the town's citizens are eager to hear what you plan on doing to promote the local economy while maintaining a high level of environmental air quality.

User Account

All Pages