Estimate the minimum and maximum values of k

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Reference no: EM131028516

Could you please answer this question with an explanation?

1) On your first job, you are taking over a project involving the phase-locked loop (PLL) system is shown in block diagram form at the top of the opposite page. The charge pump phase-frequency detector (CPPFD) has a maximum output current of Icp = 5μA for 2Π radians of phase difference. For the voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) in the system, the V-f measurements in the table were obtained.

a) Since the VCO voltage-to-frequency characteristic is nonlinear, the VCO tuning gain Kvco changes as a function of VCO control voltage VCTL. Estimate (accuracy ±10%) the minimum and maximum values of Ko over the voltage tuning range.

2405_Voltage controlled oscillator.jpg

KVCO (min) = ______ KVCO (max) =______

VCTL[V] f[MHz]

0.5

8.4

1.0

11.8

1.5

14.8

2.0

17.4

2.5

19.6

3.0

21.4

3.5

22.8

4.0

23.8

4.5

24.4

Reference no: EM131028516

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