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1. All of the following are good ways to improve memory EXCEPTa. Elaborately encode informationb. Focus on aspects of the material that will be irrelevant laterc. Connect the new information to what you already knowd. Think about the material often2. What is(are) the main difference(s) between short-term and long-term memory?a. Short-term memory holds visual information onlyb. Short-term memory holds less information for a shorter amount of timec. Long-term memory holds less informationd. Long-term memory processes visual information only3. What does research say about study sessions distributed over time versus massed or crammed study sessions?a. Which method is better depends mostly on the type of studentb. The effects vary widely among individualsc. Cramming is best for most college studentsd. Distributed studying is best4.As Rochelle took her anatomy exam, she tried to remember the definition of muscle . Rochelle's recall of the definition is an example of utilizing what type of memory?a. Semanticb. Episodicc. Modality-specificd. Short-term5.Sometimes, forgetting occurs because of the disruption caused by the presence of other information. This is called ___.a. intentional forgettingb. decayc. interferenced. encoding failure6.One way that recognition differs from recall is thata. Recognition requires some stimulus inputb. Recall requires some stimulus inputc. Recognition always comes after recalld. Recall is often easier than recognition7.In Sperling's classic sensory memory experiment, outlined in your book, when did the subject hear the tone?a. Before the stimulus items were presentedb. At the same time the stimulus items were presentedc. After the stimulus items were presented but before they were removedd. After the stimulus items were removed8.Memory relies on three fundamental types of processes which are:a. Short-term memory, sensory memory, and long-term memoryb. Working memory, short-term memory, and long-term memoryc. Encoding, storage and retrievald. Elaborative encoding, visual memory, and procedural memory9.According to Freud, what is a repressed memory?a. A false memoryb. Memories of previous livesc. An emotionally threatening memory pushed out of consciousnessd. Anterograde amnesia10.What effect do genes have on memory?a. They have no effectb. Each memory must have a specific genec. Storing new memories depends on the action of specific genesd. Genes block the action of the amygdala11. People tend to learn better when they are tested in the environment in which they learned the material. The idea that memory is better when people are given cues that were present during learning is called ____a. The encoding specificity principleb. Social learningc. Hypermnesiad. The single-cue effect12. One reason for the sharp drop at the beginning of the memory curve shown in your book is that information is lost shortly after learning. This is most likely due to ___.a. source amnesiab. decayc. interferenced. encoding failure13.In using acronyms for remembering information, you are utilizing what aspect of mnemonics?a. Merely reducing the amount of informationb. Organizing information so that you can link it up with what you already knowc. Rote memorizationd. Creating multiple memories
14.What effect does long-term potentiation have on the sending and receiving neurons for future communication?a. The sending neuron must send more neurotransmittersb. The sending neuron needs to send less neurotransmittersc. The receiving neuron must send more neurotransmittersd. The connection is weakened each time15.Modality-specific memory stores retain input from ______.a. several integrated sensory systemsb. a single sense or processing systemc. the semantic and episodic memory systemsd. low-, medium-, and high-modality systems16.One way to distinguish a false memory from a true one is to pay close attention to perceptual details and other properties of the situation. This is called ____.a. reality monitoringb. intentional forgettingc. explicit forgettingd. source monitoring17.Failure to remember something could be a consolidation failure, which means that the ___a. memories were not converted to structural changes in the brainb. information was not encoded to begin withc. memories are blocked by competing memoriesd. parts were assembled in the wrong order18.Encoding is the process of ________a. Organizing and transforming incoming informationb. Retaining information in memoryc. Digging information out of memoryd. Comparing new and old
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