"Running head: HEALTH REFORM INITIATIVESHealth Reform InitiativesName of the Student:Name of the University:Author’s Note: HEALTH REFORM INITIATIVES 1Table of Contents1. Difference between Prospective and Retrospective Payment Plans 22. Payment Reform Initiatives 23. Health Insurance for All 34. Expansion of Medicaid 35. Importance and Structure of Patient Education 4References 5 HEALTH REFORM INITIATIVES 21. Difference between Prospective and Retrospective Payment PlansCost plays a critical role in the healthcare system and there are two primary types ofpayment plans: Prospective and Retrospective Payment Plans. Prospective Payment Plans refersto a fixed payment for certain treatments. It helps the healthcare service providers and insurersestimate costs and manage them. However, the providers may offer less personalized servicesince they receive a fixed amount. On the contrary, retrospective payment plans pay the healthcare providers for the actual charges incurred. The healthcare provider receives a full paymentafter submitting an itemized bill detailing the services rendered. It allows the providers to adjusttheir services according to the patient’s needs (Geruso & McGuire, 2016).2. Payment Reform InitiativesAccording to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, the initiatives are stated asfollows: Global Payment- This reform model consists of a monthly payment to a single memberfor all the services rendered to the patient, measuring performance and patient risk. It assessesnegative consequences of patients and identifies opportunities for quality improvement(Rand.org, 2016). HEALTH REFORM INITIATIVES 3ACO Shared Savings Program- The accountable care organizations (ACOs) voluntarilyassume responsibility and payer savings if the service providers meet quality and costperformance benchmarks. Medical Home- A healthcare provider shall receive additional payments if medical homecriteria are met. The payment shall be calculated by evaluating quality, multiple tiers ofachievement and resource use.3. Health Insurance for AllIn my opinion, there could be affordable health insurance coverage for all the peopleusing a pragmatic approach. The healthcare providers have to stop their urge of radicalrestructuring. America has abundant financial and intellectual resources to provide healthinsurance for all. Any proposal for expanding health insurance coverage shall consist ofadvantages to consumers. Also, with good communication, the reform in health sector ispossible. Moreover, if an efficient leader plans and gives a definite time frame for completion,the health reform can successfully be established (Glasgow, 2013).4. Expansion of MedicaidThe expansion of Medicaid has clearly created a divide between the people who haveinsurance and those who do not. Under the Affordable Care Act, the gains of expansion ofMedicaid outweigh the ‘have nots’ (Cross-Call, 2015). The expansion of Medicaid is savingspeople money and the savings shall increase over time. For the countries who have large numberof non-insured people shall be stuck in the coverage gap as they have too low income forsubsidies and too high for Medicaid. However, the hospitals that did not expand generally "