"Surname 13Figure 3: Rate of Police Strength, by Census Metropolitan Area, in the year 2013Long-Term Decrease in Civilian Ratio to Law enforcement of f ice r s’ ratio.Civilian personnel help a lot in the functioning of police services. These civilians arepeople employed as special constables, managers and clerks, dispatchers, cadets, school guards,security officers, and law enforcement officers. In May twenty thirteen, there were about twentyseven thousand, eight hundred and seventy two civilians directly employed across Canada by thepolicing services unit. This represented 29 percent of the total personnel. In other words, 2.5police officers were employed per one civilian worker by the police services. This ratio has beensteady since 2007. However, since the 1960s, the rate of a police officer to civilians has been onthe decrease. In the 1960s, the ratio of police officers to civilian employees ranged between 4.6and 4.1 and in 1993 the ratio had reduced to 2.9 and 2.83 in 2002. Clerical support was the groupthat had the largest number of civilian employed by the policing services unit. In the year 2013,33 percent of the civilian employees covered clerical support, 33 percent covered11 management/professional positions there was a small group of civilians employed as nativespecial constables. This group of employees represents 1 percent in the total police service.New Recruits11 Burbidge, Scott. "The governance deficit: Reflections on the future of public and privatepolicing in Canada." Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice 47.1 (2005): 63-86.Print.13 Surname 14In order to for the human resources to better plan for the policing community,information on hiring and departure of police officers is critical. In 2012 alone, more than two- thirds of police officers (representing 69 percent) that were hired were graduates from recruittraining colleges. The remaining 31 percent were experienced police officers. The majority of thepolice officers hired were recruit graduates in most provinces. However Quebec and NewBrunswick were exempted, the opposite was true. Hires of experienced officers and recruitgraduates were distributed evenly in Manitoba. The officers that their information on experiencewas available, most of the officers hired were had few years of experience in service. 5 percenthad less than ten years of service, 4 percent with not more than 15 years of experience in policeservice, 86% officers had less than five years of job experience in service, and the remainingofficers had more than fifteen years of policing experience in service. Recent survey shows thatmost of the police officers eligible for retirement had less than 25 years to less than 30 yearsexperience in service(Brogden and Preeti 72). This group represented 45 percent of the totalpolice force. Many of the police officers who departed from service because of retirement werehad 30 to less than 35 years experience. This group represented 46 percent of the police force. DeparturesNet loss of about 72 officers was experienced in Canada in the year 2012. 92 officers leftservice in 2012 (Royal Canadian Police Headquarters and Training Academy). On the otherhand, the provinces gained 20 officers. In the same year, 69 percent of departures were due toretirement from service and 31 percent left for other reasons. For most territories and provinces,but Northwest territories were exempted. 11 percent of police officers representing 7551 officersof the total force were eligible for departure due to retirement in 2012. Considering territoriesand provinces, the highest proportion of officers that were eligible for retirement were mostly in14 Surname 15Labrador and Newfoundland. These officers represented 23 percent of the total police strength.Contrary to this, as reported by the Training Academy and Canadian mounted PoliceHeadquarters reported that 47 percent of the police officers were eligible for retirement. Majority12 of the officers were aged between 30-50 yearsFigure 4: Age Distribution of Police Officers, Canada, 2013Women are more likely to occupy a civilian position in police services. Women comprise34 percent representing one-third of the total employed personnel by 2013. They are more often12 Brake, Michael and Chris Hale. Public order and private lives (Routledge Revivals): Thepolitics of law and order. London: Routledge, 2013. Print.15 "