"1Leadership and ManagementLeadership and Managementby (Student)Class (Course)Professor InstitutionCity and State The Date 2Leadership and ManagementTable of Content1.0 Linkage Between Management and Leadership ............................................................................... 32.0 Leadership Theories .......................................................................................................................... 52.1 Trait Theory ............................................................................................................................... 52.1 Great Man Theory ..................................................................................................................... 73.0 Effectiveness of Relevant Theories of Management and Leadership ............................................... 73.1 Transactional Leadership .......................................................................................................... 93.2 Transformational leadership ...................................................................................................... 94.0 Management And Leadership Organization Styles and impact on Organizational Objectives ....... 115.0 Skills Of Successful Leaders ........................................................................................................... 126.0 Reference ........................................................................................................................................ 14 3Leadership and Management1.0 Linkage Between Management and LeadershipThe link between leadership and management has been greatly studied. According toAlgahtani (2015). The two have been used as synonymous terms by some people whileothers have used them to mean two different things. In reality, one might assume that allmanagers are leaders by default, but that is not the case. Citing Bass (2010), Algahtanirecognizes that leaders and managers are different in a sense that managers do not exerciseleadership and that some people are considered leaders without necessarily being in anymanagerial positions. However, it is considered that leadership and management overlapbut may not be synonymous. Yukl (1989) in Algahtani (2015) points out that the overlap between leadership andmanagement lays the point of disagreement. To Yukl (1989) some people refer to the two tobe in opposing extremes arguing that good managers can not be good leaders and theconverse is true. It is therefore worth noting that leaders and managers possess peculiar setsof function and activities that differentiate them. While manager and leaders are consideredto bear some similarities since they both have an influence to the people they lead throughtheir specific powers meant to achieve various specific goals, they also possess someprominent difference. Managers are considered to maintain a smooth running workplacewhile leaders assess the status quo of any position and encourage change or new functions.It is therefore right pointing out that managers are short- term goal oriented while leaders,long- term (Yukl, 1989).Citing Katz (1955), Algahtani (2015) defined management as the exercise of givingdirection of an organization or a group of people through administrative, supervisory and 4Leadership and Managementexecutive positions. They are mandated to ensure tasks are properly handled which mayinvolve mentoring of people, developing staff, maintaining high levels of discipline andethics as well as resolving conflicts. Kappa (1991) in addition to this points out that the aimof a manager is the provision of services to the society in an efficient, effective andsustainable manner. Management therefore takes care of planning, budgeting,organization, monitoring and the coordination of the organizations or groups (Kotter,2001). It is that process that ensures that stipulated organizational goals are attainedthrough effective and efficient utilization of resources.In achieving this, managers therefore focus on formalities of controlling and directingtheir staff, systems, structures and resources. They aim at attaining the short- termobjectives, limit risk as well as establish the standardization model to effectuate sustainableefficiency (Kotterman, 2006). On the other hand, leadership is considered as multi-dimentional phenomenon that iscomplex in nature (DePree, 1989 in Algahtani 2015 ). Northouse (20017) has defined it as a position of authority, an experience, a skill, a responsibility, a function of management,a style, an ability, a characteristic and an influencing relationship. As pointed out indifferent definition, leaders are considered as people who solve others that follow (Bennisand Nanus, 1997) while Drucker (1999) supports it by considering leaders as people thathave a following. Leadership can therefore be defined as a process of influencing others toachieve a certain goal as well as developing vision. They are considered by Kotter (1990)as agents that gives motivation and inspiration while Bennis and Nanus (1997) considerthem as agents that creates passion to follow the organizational vision, challenge the status "