"• Recap: Positivists are mostly connected to the ontology ofrealism and believe there is a truth• Research tries to “find” this truth • Research in quadrant A & C (positivist approaches) usuallyinvolves – 1) setting up a hypothesis, – 2) collecting data and – 3) analyzing the data to confirm/reject the hypothesis. • Research is trying to identify causal relationships (point A leadsto point B)• Methods: Experiments, Quasi Experiments, Surveys, etc.Dr Nataliya Shiraz 2016/179 ? Hypothesis: A tentative statement that tests therelationship between two or more constructs orvariables.? Cause: A change in one variable leading to achange in another variable. ? Variables: The variable causing the change is calledan independent variable (IV) and the variableaffected by the change is known as the dependentvariable (DV) Hypothesis 1: IV will have a positive/negative impact on DVH1IV DV10Dr Nataliya Shiraz 2016/17 Salary ? Please formulate thehypothesis? ? What are the dependentQuality of workMotivation atand independentenvironment workvariables?? What causes what? Freedom ofchoice in taskfulfillment11Dr Nataliya Shiraz 2016/17 ? A system of methods and principles used to explore thesocial world. ? The study of how research should be planned, structured andconducted to comply with the criteria of science. ? The study of the research process in all its broadness andcomplexity. The various methods and techniques, therationale for the choices, the limitations of each technique, the role of assumptions and presuppositions, the influence ofmethodological preferences, types of data analysis andsubsequent interpretation of results Methodology will be concerned with either:? abstractions and concepts (theoretical)? facts and techniques (empirical) – this can be divided into 2 major parts: o Positivism: where research often uses quantitative techniqueso Interpretivism: where research often uses qualitative techniques12Dr Nataliya Shiraz 2016/17 "