"• Informed Consent- special consideration forminors and people with disabilities • Deception • Need for debriefing • Right to withdraw • Privacy, Confidentiality & Anonymity • Data Management (1998 Data Protection Act) • Copyright • Safety and risk 17 Dr Nataliya Shiraz 2016/17• The process of providing the research participants with detailed and clear instructions about the research study to enable them to make an informed decision as to whether to participate or not in the research study. • Written consent – in which the researcher provides written information regarding the research project to participants, and retains a signed copy of this ‘consent form’ • Verbal consent – in which the researcher verbally informs participantsand receives oral confirmation of consent • Suitable when written consent for a research study is not a feasibleoption such as telephone interviews. However, whenever possiblesuch type of consent should be recorded (see However, whereverpossible the consent process should be recorded (see ESRC:http://www.esrc.ac.uk/funding/guidance-for-applicants/research- ethics/frequently-raised-questions/what-if-it-is-not-possible-to- obtain-written-consent/).• Some experiments such as social experiments do not use informedconsent. The surprise element could cause emotional/psychologicaldistress forparticipants. In such cases, a debriefing session shouldbe held afterwards to de-stress their concerns or negativeexperiences Dr Nataliya Shiraz 2016/17 18• The consent form should: – Provide the identity of the researcher(s) – Give full, and explicit information to organisations, and those taking part in theresearch – Expectations of participants, and their role – Purpose of the research and clear description of the procedures to be followed – Description of any potential risks or discomforts the participant may encounter – Description of any potential benefits from participation – A clause stating that the data and results will be kept secure and confidential. – A clause stating that the participants’ identities will remain anonymous and will never be released without their consent into the public domain – A list of names the participants may contact if they have any questions (e.g. investigator, co-investigator and director of research project). – A clause stating that participation is voluntary and that participants can withdraw ‘unconditionally’ from the study at any time. – Record the signature of the participant and the date when the form was signed 19 Dr Nataliya Shiraz 2016/17• Conducting a study or collecting data without obtaining prior permission orconsent(Ethical Clearance and Informed Consent) • Publishing participants’’ names in reports without their consent (breach ofprivacy) • Abusing information provided by participant – breach of The Equality Act2010• Not informing parents/guardians that you are doing research with theirchildren • Taking bodily samples without consent • Deception: using the data for a purpose that is different from what hasbeen agreed on by the participants or falsifying data • Damaging the environment • Pushing respondents too far in interview/focus group situations (e.g.asking them to do things that cause mental or physical stress or affecttheir self-esteem) • Not treating participants fairly, or with consideration, or with respect • Doing observations undercover • Harming and inflicting pain on animals, and non-sentient beings Dr Nataliya Shiraz 2016/17 20"