"small households, as well taking into account a variety of other factors. There have been fiverounds of survey data which make Young Lives a unique cross country longitudinal data setexploring the causes and consequences of poverty in childhood.Not all the states in India were surveyed, only Andhra Pradesh and Telangana weretaken into consideration. Andhra Pradesh has three distinct agro-climatic regions: CoastalAndhra, Rayalaseema and Telangana. The study sites in India were selected in 2001 usingsemi purposive sampling strategy. First districts and then 20 sentinel sites from within thechosen districts were selected following a set of criteria. The concept of a sentinel site comesfrom health surveillance studies and is a form of purposive sampling where the site is deemedto represent a certain type of population and is expected to show typical trends affecting thoseparticular people of areas.The process to arrive at the selection of site involves several stages: ? The site selection aimed to ensure the uniform distribution of sample districts acrossthe state’s three agro-climatic regions, and the inclusion of at least one poor and onenon poor district from each region.? In order to make this selection, districts were classified and ranked according to arelative development index which aggregated economic, human development andinfrastructure indicators. A representative group of 12 poor and non-poor districtswere chosen from a total of 23, covering 28% of the population of the state.? Mandals, administrative areas containing between 20 and 40 villages, were deemed tobe the appropriate size to be sentinel sites. The second step of sampling as choosingmandals within the selected districts. All the mandals in each district were ranked and selected based on a second set of economic, human development and infrastructuralindicators conducted using mandal-level data.? Each mandal was divided into four contiguous geographical areas and village wasrandomly selected from each. In each sentinel site, 100 households with a child born in 2001-02 and 50 households withchildren born in 1994-95 were randomly selected. If a family had both 1 year and 8 yearchildren, the younger was included (since a greater number needed to be enrolled). In India asentinel site was defined to be mandal. The old state of Andhra Pradesh was divided into 23administrative districts, each sub divided into a number of mandals depending on the size ofthe district. In total there were 1125 mandals and around 2700 villages with generallybetween 20 to 40 villages in a mandal. Villages are normally composed of a main village sitewith 2 and 5 associated hamlets.METHODOLOGYIn this study we are deriving the relationship between child cognition (which is our dependentvariable) and various socio-economic factors affecting the cognitive skills. To measure theseskills, we are using Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) and Math test. PPVT usesstimulus words and pictures which enables us to test the receptive vocabulary and intellectualability of the children. Math Test comprised of questions related to basic algebra andgeometry.We have taken our dependent variable from Inchildquest12yrold.dta, the data set ofround 2 which is our master data set. Master data set is the one which comprises of the alldependent variables in which we are interested. The independent variables also known as explanatory variables are taken from Inchildlevel12yrold.dta and Inchildlevel8yrold.dta,which are the using data sets. Our interest variables are household size(hhsize), father’seducation (daded), mother’s education (mumed), wealth index (wi), height for age z score(zhfa), age of the mother (agemum), birth order of the child (order), sex of the child (sex),region in which the child is living (typesite), fathers schooling missing (famiss), both parentsare alive (parlive).We conducted an OLS regression analysis to know the effect of these independent variableson child cognition which is measured by score_ppvt, score_math, rscorelang_ppvt andrscorelang_math. OLS is a method for estimating the unknown parameters in a linearregression model, with the goal of minimizing the differences between the observedresponses and the predicted responses i.e. minimizing the error terms of the regression.Speaking of our explanatory variables in the model,? Intuitively father’s education and mother’s education should have a positive effect onchild cognition as they are one of the most important factors leading to thedevelopment of a child’s mental ability. Higher education of parents implies higherincome in the family because as education increases earning power of the familyincreases, this increase in income can provide adequate nutrition to the childrenwhich in turn has a positive effect on the development of child. Malnourishedchildren are weaker/ less developed than the person who gets adequate food.? Wealth index which measures the amount of wealth an individual has, should also bepositively related to the child cognition. This is so because greater the wealth of thehousehold, greater would be the amount of nutrition thus improving child’s capabilityto understand things in a better way.? Height for age measures the height of the children at a particular age. If height ofchild is increasing according to his age this means that the child is receiving proper "