"Information System Strategy and Development – Assignment 1 – TRANSGAS Case Study8.1. Data CleansingIn Offco Ltd., there are various departments such as sales, marketing and call centre teams. Thedata is scattered d in different systems and databases within the enterprise such as call centre,marketing information system, legacy sales order entry, customer care system and ERP system.The data in these systems are highly inconsistent. Hence, the data should be carefully processedand loaded into the data warehouse so that the quality is maintained. Data warehouses thusrequire extensive support for data cleansing. To avoid wrong decisions to be made, it is essentialthat the data is reliable and accurate. Therefore, data cleansing is a great problem in Datawarehousing. 8.2. Data Warehousing The Kimball’s model can be applied for building the data warehouse architecture. The Kimball’smodel is a bottom-up approach that builds one data mart for every individual business unit. Allthese data marts will model a single business process that can be achieved through a data bus. Adata bus provides enterprise consistency through the entire business process. This confirms thatall data marts are following standardized and confirmed dimensions. Moreover, the Kimball’smodel supports dimension modeling which is again beneficial to Offco’s organization structurethat handles various independent units.The next step is to choose the dimensions of the sales fact table such as sales date, store, productand promotion etc. each of these dimension tables will have. This will make up the sales datamart. Similarly, marketing, call centre and other department data marts can be modeled for datawarehousing (Breslin, 2004). The ETL (extraction, transformation and loading) process can beapplied for Data preparation and loading into a series of smaller databases called data marts.8.3. Data MiningData mining is a research technique using data modeling tools as mentioned in framework toobtain useful information from the data. Through data mining techniques, data is converted intovaluable information and stored in a system called Customer Information System (CIS) (Griffinand Lowenstein, 2001). “Customer data collection, data warehousing, and data mining” andstoring are becoming common today due to the inexpensive nature and advancement in obtainingdata and storage technologies. 11 | P a g e Information System Strategy and Development – Assignment 1 – TRANSGAS Case Study9. Factors of Failure9.1. Flaws in the feeder systemThe data warehouse retrieves information from the feeder system. Flaws in the feeder systemwill mean that the information provided by the data warehouse is unauthentic and flawed. Thequality of the feeder system is also essential and the data needs to be cleaned before being loadedin the data warehouse.9.2. Over BudgetingThe budget allocated to the project must e considered before implementing the data warehousesystem. Data warehousing is an expensive project and adequate budget must be allocated to theproject. This may cause the failure of the data warehouse as the management is not aware of thecost of implementation of data warehousing (Singh, et al, 2010, p. nd).9.3. No provision for ExpansionIn the expanding world of information technology, data that is dealt by the data warehouse has tobe increased significantly. The system capabilities often need to be extended to cater to therequirements of the growing information. Successful operation of the warehouse requires moredetailed data and more historical data for extended trend analysis.Insufficient provision forexpansion of these systems may cause the failure of such systems (Mukherjee, et al, 2003, p.82). 9.4. Complicated ToolsThe target audience for the data warehouse is the employees of the organization. Technologicaltools may not be easy to handle by the employees and using very difficult tools may force theemployees to avoid using the tools. Therefore, the main benefit of the data warehouse will not bemet (Strong, et al, p. 103).12 | P a g e Information System Strategy and Development – Assignment 1 – TRANSGAS Case StudyTask 3: Paper Review1 IntroductionOpen source software is free of cost and editable by any user without any restrictions. Itgives the client full liberty to amend the data as per user needs. Self-determination existsbecause of the free hand to employ, reproduce, distribute, scrutinize, alter and develop thesoftware for improvements. This software is not a property of a solo company and cannot bepurchased from the market. This type of software does not hold any subscription or usagecharges but it is available totally free for the customers over the Internet. Technically, it is the availability of the source code to users free of charge. Open sourcesoftware possesses minute or eventually no license and up gradation expenses. In this report,a comparison between two research papers has been made. Advancements in the open sourcesoftware development program have persuaded the industrial sector to research on the opensource components, development methodologies and contribution to open source community.1.1 Summary of the Review on Open Source Software in CommercialSoftware Product DevelopmentConventional methods in software development have become obsolete since the open sourcesoftware development has become effective. Android and Symbian platforms are an exampleof this production where amendments can be made free of charge without any supervision.Two phases are to be considered for obtaining the software from an open source communityor by producing the software solely by company representatives and then bringing it into themarket as an open source product. This development existed since the time when electroniccomputing was inaugurated. Research methodologies have to be outlined for using an opensource product in commercial organizations. The study was divided into few stages thatincluded: ? Standards followed by commercial organizations for establishing an open source product;? Standards followed by commercial organizations for their proprietary productdistributions;? Management of time and quality constraints for product development;? Motivation and inspiration for others. Study was made in two broad areas of academic databases and open source systemconference database. Nineteen articles in total were obtained from the academic cataloguesthat were investigated separately for software engineering module based open source,business models in commercial organizations employing open source products, industrialcontribution to the open source community and the utilization of the open source productswithin an organization. 13 | P a g e "