"1ENTREPRENEURSHIPENTREPRENUERSHIPby (Student) 2ENTREPRENEURSHIPIntroductionThe concept of entrepreneurship as a strategy to bringing new ideas to the businessworld for profit making as well as solving societies’ needs has illuminated some businessideas in me as an upcoming entrepreneur. This essay seeks to establish two themes; ethicaldilemma and creativity that I found to be very critical in affecting the performance ofbusinesses.Ethical DilemmaEthics are considered the moral principles that define the behaviour of a person.People hold on to these because they determine their orientation and when one finds thattheir moral principles collide with those of others or the outcome of them are detrimentalthen one, is said to be in an ethical crisis or moral challenge that is often interpreted as anethical dilemma (Volkmann and Berg, 2012). Put clearly by Foot (1983), ethical dilemmaoccurs where one is confronted by two antagonist choices to act on something when onlyone is ethically fit to be pursued while the other abandoned. According to Baumol (1990) entrepreneurship has the potential to construct thesociety positively by means of providing innovating products and services that seek toenhance and improve the welfare of the society. However, entrepreneurs are caught in adilemma when trying to consider what to maximize on; welfare gains of the society or rentgained through inconsiderate means that might even be detrimental to the society. Thatsituation where one is caught in such a dilemma is what Baumol considered as the ‘neutral’phenomenal. It is a point where an entrepreneur is caught in the middle of acting ethical orunethically. 3ENTREPRENEURSHIPAccording to Robinson (2006), unlike the big corporations that are governed by codesand conducts that is entrenched in the companies’ culture of not facing ethical situationsalone, entrepreneurs in small businesses are often caught in a fix since they have to face theethical dilemma all alone. These small business owners and managers are often caught insituations of conflicting priorities as well as the need to expedite any process avid for profitand market access and in most cases tend to ignore the ethical concepts. They are at alltimes expected to rely on their judgment in any decision they make. Against this backdrop, it therefore worthy noting that the line between entrepreneurialsuccess and failure depends entirely on ethics and integrity of an entrepreneur (Cullinane,1984). In this view, it is imperative that when an entrepreneur is faced by an ethicaldilemma to choose ethical actions above unethical considerations since the long- termsuccess of an entrepreneurship lies on it. According to Robinson (2006), entrepreneurs need to be conscious when presented bya situation that requires ethical consideration and basing what he identified; entrepreneursare always in a fix that is either defined by their lack of knowledge of the impact of theirdecisions ultimately or their lack relevant tools to address the situation. In addressing thissituations, Robinson proposed the ‘Business Ethics Synergy Star’ tool that would helpsolving entrepreneurial ethical dilemma.The tool is governed by Kierkegaard (1959) existential perspective that pointed outthat whenever morality is concerned, there is need to make definitive choices that areeffectuated by defining them under the sieve of ‘either/or.’ Based on this, if a manager or anentrepreneur is faced by and ethical dilemma, the manager has to find the appropriate 4ENTREPRENEURSHIPcourse of action instead of other that subscribe to any particular theory of ethics. By usingthe ‘Business Ethics Synergy Star’, an entrepreneur is subjected to reduce all decisions toeither/or. One is therefore entitled to give the desired goals then starting two conditionsthat may influence the outcome: one a business consideration component while the otherand ethical consideration component. My initial understanding of entrepreneurship is that its is only aimed at maximizingprofits without the thought of the welfare of the society. This was entrenched into me bythe perception that in the business world the only language communicate is ‘survival forthe fittest’: all about outdoing your competitor without the thought of the society. Theunderstanding of this new insights of addressing ethical dilemma is critical to meespecially as an entrepreneur geared to venture into people centered entrepreneurship inthe service industry. From the study, it is clear that many managers are caught in the fixof not knowing how to tackle conflicting situation. The dilemma of either to maximizeprofit at the cost of the survival of the business and the choice of leading a long- termethical paradigm at the cost of profits is one that requires deeper consideration of the useof appropriate tools to tackle. With the ‘Business Ethics Synergy Star’ by Robinson(2006), the thought of been in an ethical conflict will for sure be a minor issue as anentrepreneur. Through this, I understand that far more important than increasing andmaximizing profits is the thought of the survival of the business.Role of Creativity In Pursuit Of Entrepreneurial OpportunitiesSuccessful companies are often known by how create they are and run. Entrepreneursthat are creative are often known of the adoption of new technologies that reduce 5ENTREPRENEURSHIPproduction and transaction costs including logistics, adoption of new communicationstrategies mostly on product management, investment in new supply- chain managementinformation systems, including customer and supply relationship management, investmentin resource base management where an entrepreneur invest in making the businessresources irreplaceable, non- immutable and firm- specific. Creativity aims at striking abalance between profit maximization and survival of the business.According to Fadaee and Alzahrh (2014), creativity is a product of problems that mayface a business. Creativity therefore seeks to address problems that exist or are speculated.These problems can be risks that may threaten the business which often include; supplieswithdrawal due to lack of incentives, high cost, poor consumer uptake of a certain productas well as poor management and operations coordination. As pointed therefore byAli(2000), the definition of creativity contains two elements namely; problem solution andnew solution sprouting from innovation.In creative thinking, Fadaee and Alzahrh (2014) identifies that there is need to developfour skills categories which include; the ability of divergent thinking that seeks to solve aproblem through the creation of different and wide range of solutions, development of avast knowledge and experience, ability to exchange experiences through effectivecommunication as well as development of a personal capacity to critical analysis. For one to come up with a viable solution there is need for criticism and accuratejudgment (Tasbih, 2001). For this to be achieved several factors are considered;interpersonal factors, competence of coaches, environmental suitability as well as hardwork (Tasbih, 2001). 6ENTREPRENEURSHIPCreativity however has process categories in five major stages. The first stage iscapturing of information. This involves gathering information and studying issues in anattempt to explore solutions. Raw data to a creative mind is synthesized and analyzedwhich ultimately provides a solution. From capturing information, test is then undertaken.This involves observation of an identified solution on how it performs or fails. In this case,the weaknesses of a solution are dropped while the merits adopted. After the feasibility of the solution and the applicability of the plan of action isidentified, the strategy is then refined to attain an optimal solution. After the refinement,the creative thought is then supplied for adoption. This is then driven to achieve theexpected outcome and shaped as it developed. Monitoring is also conducted to assess theviability of the solution with time (Moshbeki, 2001).According to Kuratko andHodgetts(2004), creativity can be categorized into four: duplication, invention, synthesisand extension. As identified by Efthimiou and Robinson (2006), extension and inventioninvolves the breaking from the operational norms to developing new models of running abusiness. Companies rush from the status quo due to obsolescence of operational models,resources and partnership relationship methodologies to adopting new efficient, costeffective, appealing and SMART innovations that fit the shifting competitive paradigm.Technological change, managerial restructuring as well as inventory management are someof the characteristics of extension and invention. Further, this can also be characterized bychange in supply of products as well as production of new products through wastesmaterials to minimize on cost. The re- combination of existing business elements to developing new models isreferred to us synthesis (Kuratko and Hodgetts, 2004). Duplication on the other hand is 7ENTREPRENEURSHIPcharacterized adding new elements to existing models to take a different shape. This can bethrough training of existing employees to adopt new operations’ models that include;technological adoptions, adoption of new work ethics, restructuring the communicationstrategies among others.It always been striking me of how a firm maintains its visibility and product qualitygiven a shift global landscape of competition. I have always heard and read that firms areshifting from competing as individual entities to supply chain competition that is definedby maintenance of reliable suppliers, making production efficient and ultimately winningthe trust of the consumers through quality assurance, constancy in supply of a product,good communication and ethical consideration in the productions as well as fair pricing. Itis through this study that I have established that creativity is what drives companies tomaintain a considerable market share, enter new markets effective, reduce cost or researchas well as improve on quality. My future endeavors as an entrepreneur will be defined bynot only ethical consideration but also creativity. ConclusionEntrepreneurship is an agent that is geared towards the attainment of rent as well as thefulfillment of the welfare expectation of any business. In striking this balance, a criticalunderstanding how to handle ethical dilemma as an entrepreneur as well as the adoption ofcreativity is very critical."