"properly whereas many are there who are completely unaware of these changes and theproblems caused. How is the Arctic marine environment affected by the changing climate?The half surface of the Arctic region is the ocean. Therefore, there are number of species thatrely on the biological productivity of the sea as well as the sea ice present on it.Polar Bears depend on sea ice for their survival:There are risks for the Polar bears as they belong to the long generation times but thepopulation it has is very small. As per the National Wildlife Federation, the Arctic sea iceseen in the year 2012 was around forty nine percent lesser than it was seen in the years 1980sand 1990s.They require thick near shore ice on which it can hunt the seals but as the ice isdisappearing they need to swim for long such as twelve days in order to reach the offshore icefloes. It has been projected by the U. S. Geological Survey projects that by the year 20150two thirds of the world’s polar bear sub-populations might extinct. The Polar bears not onlygive birth but it also hunts on the sea ice. Thus they need to travel to the different regions.The mother as well as cubs survival depends on the mother’s success in hunting. This huntingdepends on the stability as well as the extent of the sea ice. If the sea ice is less in wintersthan the mother polar bear have to survive longer without foods and sometimes needs totravel a lot in search of food which impacts their reproductive success as well as their fatstorage. Again if in the summers the sea loses their ice completely might bring a great trouble for the polar bears. Not only does the polar bear depend on the Arctic sea ice but there aremany other species that highly depends on it. The sea ice provides home to these species forresting, helps them giving births as well as in raising their pups and also provides a feedingground for them. These species faces a lot of difficulties when especially the summers comeand hardly any ice is left on the sea. Along with temperature rise they are left with less foodwhich results in their death and many a times due to this some of the species move towardsextinction.The impact on the marine fisheries:We are aware of the food source that is provided by the Arctic marine fisheries globally andthus plays a very vital role in the economy of the particular region. From past few years dueto the climate change eco system has seen a lot of changes which could further bringunpredictable changes in the number of marine species. How have penguins been affected by global climate change and a decrease in sea ice?Dramatic decline was seen in the numbers of penguins in the Antarctica over the past centurywhich is caused by the sea ice disappearing. The decline in the numbers of the penguins arenotable as from three hundred breeding pairs they have come to only nine in the westernAntarctic peninsula and fifty percent decline in Terre Adelie. From the last many yearspenguins have survived over the severe climatic change which shows the resilience of the species. Some of the species of the penguins have founded or formed their colonies on thedifferent parts of the Antarctic coast time to time. They have been doing this since last fivethousand years in order to bring change in the amount of the sea ice as well as the ice freeland. Therefore, from this we can assume that with the changing climate the number mightdecrease but it will not go to the extinction as they can find out other locations for theirfeeding as well as breeding. SCIENTISTS AGREE HUMANS CAUSE CLIMATE CHANGE:"We found that, on average, species usually adapt to different climatic conditions at a rate ofonly by about 1C per million years," (Wiens). "But if global temperatures are going to rise by about four degrees over the next 100 years aspredicted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, that is where you get a hugedifference in rates. What that suggests overall is that simply evolving to match theseconditions may not be an option for many species."The scientists have come to a point that the main reason for the climatic change is the humanactivity. The rising industries as well as other organisations which seem to increase thetemperature are the main reason for the changing climate. The scientific organisations such asthe National Academy of science, Intergovernmental panel on the climate change as well asWorld Meteorological Association have found that the climate change can become one of thebiggest threats for the human beings and must be checked as soon as possible. “The need forurgent action to address climate change is now indisputable.”"