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The original DNA sequence when ,transcribed and translated would yield five successive valine residues. But the altered sequence would correspondingly read one aspartate and four serine residues. Mutations resulting from the addition or deletion of base pairs are called frameshift mutations. So far we have discussed the several ways in which the genetic material could be altered. Mutations could be either spontaneous or induced. In recent years there has been a more clear understanding of the causes of mutational process. Tautomeric shifts, ultraviolet radiations, chemicals such as hydroxylarnine, nitrous acid and a variety of alkylating agents can cause permanent alterations of nitrogenous bases. Aromatic compounds such as acridines can cause addition or deletion of one to more than twenty bases in DNA. We have briefly discussed mutations, a way or source of variability in natural populations. Together with recombinations occurring'at the tjnie of meiosis they form the raw materials for selection to act on. Before we discuss briefly about recombination, let us have a quick look at mutation rates in organisms.
Clathrin-coated pits and vesicles are included in both the endocytosis of material at the plasma membrane and the exocytosis of proteins from the Golgi apparatus. Electron
POLYMORPHISM IN COLENTRATAtion..
Q. Of which substance do elastic fibers of the connective tissue are made? What are few functions of these fibers? The elastic fibers are made of a protein called as elastin.
Bone Density The compact bone surrounding dense evenly spaced trabeculae with small cancellous spaces is ideal/suitable for implant placement. Dense or porous cortical bone is
Q. What is the pineal gland? The pineal gland also known as epiphysis or pineal body is situated centrally in the head. It secretes the hormone melatonin. A hormone produced at
Describe the benefits of Neuropsychological test The tests can be helpful in the assessment of: Change in mental status Abnormalities in function before abnormalitie
Acquired Aortic Stenosis : a) Rheumatic: In developing countries rheumatic aortic valve disease is more common than degenerative one. Mitral valve involvement is a common as
a precaution to follow when heat fixing a smear
What are the four groups of protozoans? The four major groups of protozoans are the sarcodines (that form pseudopods, like amoebae), the mastigophores (flagellated, such as the
Stratification - Aquatic ecosystems Aquatic ecosystems also exhibit marked stratification. In lake and ocean ecosystems light penetration, temperature and availability of oxyg
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