Target organ damage, Biology

Assignment Help:

Central Nervous System  

Hypertension is one of the leading causes of cerebrovascular disease. It has been associated with accelerated age related cognitive decline. The most dreaded  complication  is the occurrence of  strokes. The risk of a stroke increases almost 4 fold in a person with a diastolic pressure of 91 to one with 105 mmHg. Transient ischemic attacks (TIA) do occur due to extracranial atherosclerosis.

Renal

Hypertension induces microalbuminuria in the early stages. Later on nephrosclerosis sets in leading to renal failure with rise in blood urea and creatinine.

Aorta

The commonest abnormality of the aorta, associated with hypertension is abdominal  aneurysms. This can eventually lead on to rupture with fatal results.

Eye

The changes in the eye can be identified and assessed by fundus examination. Keith Wagner classification is the usual method of grading.

Grade I: Narrowing of arteries giving rise to copper wire or silver wire appearance.

Grade II: In addition to copper wire appearance,  arterio-venous nipping where the arteries cross the veins.

Grade III : In addition to above, superficial flame shaped and deep dot like haemorrhages and cotton wool exudates.

Grade IV : In addition to all the above, papilloedema.


Related Discussions:- Target organ damage

Secondary prevention- preventive strategies for food allergy, Define Second...

Define Secondary prevention- preventive strategies for food allergy? Secondary Prevention: Attempts to inhibit expression of the disease despite sensitization. These are used f

Briefly discuss the salmonella food infection, Briefly discuss the Salmonel...

Briefly discuss the Salmonella food infection. • Salmonella food infection is caused by Salmonella gastroenteritis. Transmitted by faecal contamination of foods. In

How to calculate the net protein utilization (npu), How to calculate the Ne...

How to calculate the Net Protein Utilization (NPU)? Mitchell (1922) introduced the term 'Net Utilization of Dietary Protein' which is a product of digestibility coefficient and

Pelagic zone - organisation of the marine ecosystem, Pelagic Zone - Organis...

Pelagic Zone - Organisation of the Marine Ecosystem The waters contained in the sea basin, constitute the pelagic zone which is divided into The neritic zone situ

Bacterial diseases - salmonella infections, S almonella i n f e c...

S almonella i n f e c tions The term salmonellosis is a used for several Salmonella infections of humans and animals caused by   Salmonella Enterica and S. Bong

Explain the transfer from liquid medium to solid media, Explain the Transfe...

Explain the Transfer from liquid medium to solid media? Here the steps involved include: 1. Inoculating loop is sterilized by incineration and allowed to cool, as described

Clinical evaluation in the continuing care cycle, Clinical Evaluation in ma...

Clinical Evaluation in maintenance in the Continuing Care Cycle Examination of gingival contours, along with mechanical evaluation of the prosthesis, implants, and implant comp

Hydrophilicity plot, Hydrophilicity Plot is a computer plot which checks t...

Hydrophilicity Plot is a computer plot which checks the relative summed hyrophobicity or hydrophilicity of adjacent amino acid sidechains (usually within a moving window of about

Explain the enriched and living culture media, Explain the Enriched and Liv...

Explain the Enriched and Living Culture Media? Enriched Media - It is used for isolation of fastidious organisms, i.e., organisms having specific and elaborate nutritional requ

Synthetic petrol, Petrol or gasoline can be synthesized by following three ...

Petrol or gasoline can be synthesized by following three methods: 1.      Polymerisation 2.      Fischer - tropsch method 3.      Bergius process polymerisation In

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd