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Reverse Characteristic of a Zener diode
Reset voltage to zero. Connect zener diode as shown in fig. and reverse characteristics are demonstrated in fig.
Raise voltage slowly and observe the current meter. Set the value of zener current of 1 mA, 2 mA, 5 mA, 10 mA, 20 mA, 30 mA and record corresponding voltage drop across the diode and plot the points on graph.
Graph should show that very little current flows until the voltage has risen to a value near nominal voltage (5.1 V) of the zener diode. Though a very slight increase in voltage causes a large current to flow. Once an appreciable current is flowing in diode, any alteration in that current would make little difference to the voltage. Terminals to which voltmeter is connected will look like a source of voltage having a low source resistance. This voltage may be referred to as the 'zener voltage' or avalanche voltage, (this being a reference to physical process inside semiconductor).
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