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Occurs Clause:
Let us establish tables with the help of an illustration. Assume that there are ten different types of income-tax rates that are read from some input medium and these rates are stored in a table named INCOME-TAX-RATE. The DATA DIVISION entries for this table may be as
As shown below:
Clearly, there are ten different data names, like TAX-RATE-1, TAX-RATE-2 etc., in the table namely the INCOME-TAX-RATE and each of these items is of two digits. As the picture of all these items are similar, these can be explained by having just one entry and then specifying that the explanation is to be repeated ten times. This is completed as shown below:
01 INCOME-TAX-RATE
02 TAX-RATE PIC 99 OCCURS 10 TIMES.
This OCCURS clause specifies that the table named INCOME-TAX-RATE is having ten elements and each one is of two digits. In order to refer to an individual element exclusively we should use a subscript. The initial element is referred to as TAX-RATE (1), the second one as TAX-RATE (2), the seventh one as TAX-RATE (7), and so on. TAX-RATE (1), TAX-RATE (2) etc., are termed as subscripted data names and 1, 2 etc., that are enclosed in parentheses and are known as subscripts.
The common format of OCCURS clause is as shown below:
{OC} integer TIMES
{OCCURS}
FILE-CONTROL paragraph for the indexed files: The common format for the SELECT clause for a file is as shown below: SELECT file-name ASSIGN TO implementor -name
Illustration of if- else statement: IF OK-BALANCE NEXT SENTENCE ELSE MOVE 2 BALANCE-CODE In this illustration, the OK-BALANCE is a condition name. No action is specific if
Example of condition names: The illustration below is of the use of the condition names 77 MARITAL-STATUS PIC 9 88 SINGLE VALUE IS ZERO 88 MA
READ STATEMENTS: The common format for the read statements is as shown bellow. Format 1: READ file-name RECORD [ INTO identifier ] [ ; AT END imperative-s
BLANK WHEN ZERO: BLANK WHEN ZERO is an editing clause that may be used along with a picture. This will set the whole data item to blanks of its value is equal to zero. Though,
Label Records / Disk Directory: The most important information stored in the header label is what is termed as the file title. In the situation of magnetic-disk files the labe
File volatility: File volatility associates to the number of times the updating of records are needed during some time period. File interrogation: Some files hold re
Name the divisions in a COBOL program are given below DENTIFICATION DIVISION DATA DIVISION ENVIRONMENT DIVISION PROCEDURE DIVISION.
PROGRAM FOR RENAMES CLAUSE: identification division. program- id. environment division. data division. working-storage section. 01 emp. 02 empdet.
RULES OF REDEFINES CLAUSE The rules shown below govern the use of the REDEFINES clause: (i) The level-number of data-name-1 and data-name-2 should be identical. (ii) Exce
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