The ampere has been defined (by the International Committee of Weights and Measures in 1946) as the current flowing in two long parallel wires 1 metre apart that produces a force of 2 x 10-7 Newtonsper metre length between the wires.

So with the same current flowing in both wires spaced 1 metre apart, it is easy to increase the current until a force of 2 x 10^-7 Newtons is measured between them. We then know that the current flowing is exactly 1 amp (by definition). This definition also gives the value of k = 2 x 10^-7  Newtons.metre/amp

If we express one of the currents in terms of the magnetic field that it produces, then we obtain an equation for the force per metre lengthexperienced by a current carrying conductor in a magnetic field. This is by far the most useful form of the equation in practice:

Since   k = 2 x 10^-7  then we write the new constant as  µ₀ where

µ₀ =  4π x 10-7 Henrys/metre  

(note the Henry is a unit of measure of inductance

µ₀ is known as the magnetic permeability of free space

Posted Date: 8/27/2012 4:17:42 AM | Location : United States

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